Graphene is a honeycomb-shaped two-dimensional crystal formed by a single layer of carbon atoms after being hybridized by electron orbits, and its thickness is only 0.335 nm. In 2004 it was peeled off from graphite and found Nobel Prize. Also known as monolayer graphite, it is an allotrope of carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and excellent carbon nanomaterials.
According to the Chinese Graphene Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance Standard, monolayer graphene refers to a two-dimensional carbon material composed of a layer of carbon atoms. Graphene is composed of a periodic close packing of no more than 10 monolayer graphenes. Graphene materials generally refer to graphene-related two-dimensional carbon materials with no more than 10 carbon atoms.
Graphene physicochemical properties
Because graphene exhibits excellent performance in many fields such as electricity, heat and light, it is called the "king of new materials." Scientists even predict that graphene will "completely change the 21st century" and set off a new disruptive world that sweeps across the globe. New technology industrial revolution.
Combining various excellent properties and characteristics of graphene, graphene will be used in a very broad area in the future, mainly in the energy, environmental, electronics, chemical and other industries, especially in the lithium battery materials, supercapacitors, OLEDs in the electronics industry. In areas such as flexible screens, sensors, and chips, as well as coatings, adsorption, and desalination in the chemical industry.
The globalization of graphene research
Graphene-related studies have been taking a long time, and related patent applications appeared in 1994. However, it has been considered as a hypothetical material. Until 2004, Andrei Heim and Konstantin Novoselov of the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom succeeded in separating graphene from the experiment. The two shared the results for 2010. Nobel Prize in physics. Subsequently, graphene sparked an upsurge of research and development around the world, patent applications began to continue to grow significantly, and the heat has not diminished.
The wind of graphene research originated from Europe and quickly blew around the world with the University of Manchester as the birthplace. The worldwide research results of graphene are mainly concentrated in Europe represented by Britain, France and Germany, East Asia represented by China, Japan and South Korea and North America mainly represented by the United States. Judging from the number of patents, China, the United States, and South Korea are among the top three countries. The relevant graphene R&D institutions are mainly universities and enterprises.
With the continuous in-depth application of various aspects of graphene, aerospace, defense, electronic information, energy security and other areas of application potential and market value have aroused great concern in the scientific community and industrial circles in various countries.
In order to take the initiative in the field of graphene, governments and industry all over the world have launched a large number of graphene industry development plans and have invested heavily in basic research and application exploration.
As the place where graphene was discovered, European graphene started early and research was systematically strong. Especially after the implementation of the Flagship program (Future and Emerging Technologies Flagship Program), the systematic study of graphene in the European Union has taken the fast track. Invested one billion euros in graphene flagship plan, planned the development of graphite slag industry as production, components, and systems. Developed a comprehensive and detailed ten-year development plan. Strong R&D accumulation is expected to allow the European Union to always be located in the R&D and application of graphene. The first echelon.
China's graphene industry leads the world
The number of graphene patents is number one in the world. According to statistics from China Graphene Industry Alliance, as of 2016, in the statistics of major priority patent applications in the world, China’s graphene patents accounted for 58%; among the top ten global graphene patent application organizations, Zhejiang University, Tsinghua University, etc. Five Chinese universities were nominated. It can be seen that China's current research and development level of graphene has been in a relatively leading position in the world.
Policies and capital work together, and industrialization ranks among the top in the world. With the gradual clear direction of industrialization of graphene, graphene has become one of the key development industries in the future. The speed and coverage of policy advancement have continued to increase, attracting a large amount of industrial capital to continue to invest in related research and commercialization of graphene. In the world, the European theory of partiality, the United States and South Korea have many original applications, the industrial base is good; China's industrialization is the largest, and the effect of industrial clusters is significant.
"Made in China 2025" as the first ten-year action plan for the Chinese government to implement the strategy of building a strong country has pointed out the strategic direction for the development of China's manufacturing industry. Starting from the national strategic level, combined with the demands of energy security, ecological civilization, and national defense science and technology, it puts forward clear requirements for the development of graphene in various subdivided fields.
Graphene is in technological growth and contains a huge market
Patent investment has grown rapidly and it is in a technologically mature period. Analyzing the annual change trends in the number of patent applications for a technology and the number of patent applicants can determine the stage in the life cycle of the technology. By observing the global number of graphene patents and inventors, as well as the number of new inventors, we can see that graphene-related patent technologies are growing rapidly. It is the initial stage of industrial development that is a strategic opportunity for industrial deployment.
The global graphene market is huge and China will become the largest consumer country
At present, the global graphene production capacity has reached 100 tons, and the industry expects the graphene production capacity will reach 1,000 tons in the next five to ten years. Lithium battery statistics show that in 2015, the global graphene market was about US$4.53 million. Graphene is on the eve of large-scale production. It is expected that the market size will reach US$ 385 million by 2020, and the graphene scale will reach 2.103 billion by 2025. Dollars.
According to statistics from the China Graphene Industry Alliance, China's graphene production enterprises have grown from more than 300 in 2015 to more than 400 in 2016, and the graphene industry has grown from 16.3 million in 2015 to 38.42 million in 2016. The development is gratifying.
With the resolution of graphene mass production and the expansion of graphene downstream, the industrial consortium expects that the market size of graphene in China in 2020 will reach 200 million U.S. dollars, accounting for more than half of the world market, and become the world's largest consumer of graphene.
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