The research team at the University of California, Berkeley has developed a lensless camera that produces 3D images from a single 2D image. The research team named the lensless camera DiffuserCam, the original purpose of which will be used for micro-neuron observation, to observe the living mouse neurons without a microscope, or to get a new knowledge of disease prevention.
DiffuserCam is simple in structure, but it is not expensive. The structure has only one diffuser placed on top of the image sensor. Although the hardware structure is simple, the software used to reconstruct high-resolution 3D images is very complicated.
Research team leader Laura Waller said that DiffuserCam can capture a large amount of 3D information at a high resolution, because 3D information can create a sense of scale, or run synchronously with machine learning to face recognition and track people. Or automatically classify objects, etc., will be available for self-driving.
The research team published product details in the optical research journal OpTIca. DiffuserCam can reconstruct 100 million stereo pixels (3D pixels) from the 1.3 million pixel image without any scanning. Waller said that DiffuserCam has the advantage of simple hardware. Although the software is very complicated, it can also be easily produced at home by copying or transmitting.
DiffuserCam can be fabricated using any type of image sensor and captures images from microscopic to human size range, providing resolution in the range of hundreds of thousands of meters when the object is close to the sensor, even though the scene is far from the sensor. The resolution decreases, but it is still high enough to distinguish the distance between two different people from the camera.
Although the Light Field Camera can also obtain 3D images without scanning, the resolution of the light field camera is limited, and the microlens array used is expensive and must be used for a specific camera or for imaging. The optical components are custom made. So Waller found the idea of ​​a relatively simple light field camera after testing various types of diffusers and developing complex algorithms.
DiffuserCam will be used in UC Berkeley's project to observe 1 million individual neurons, funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), to develop implantable, biocompatible neural interfaces that ultimately compensate for visual or hearing impairments.
The research team will create a "corTIcal modem" that "reads" and "writes" the animal's brain. DiffuserCam will be the core of the project's reading device. The project will also use special proteins for scientists. Can control the activity of neurons with light. In this way, Waller observes mouse brain neurons, or will help to learn about diseases such as dementia or mental disorders.
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