Over the years, microwave device companies have been providing devices for medical imaging applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. Although imaging applications continue to provide solid opportunities, many other medical applications have also begun to open the door to wireless microwave and radio frequency technologies. For example, remote monitoring supports the wireless transmission of health conditions, such as blood pressure and pulse, to patients at their patients' homes. Other innovations are also helping hospitals and medical centers to track the location of assets and individuals. In the existing imaging market and the new opportunities that wireless technology is creating, the medical industry has become a real new market, and many microwave and radio frequency companies are targeting this. Fortunately, many of these opportunities only require these companies to take advantage of their existing expertise in telecommunications and wireless LANs.
The popularity of imaging equipment such as MRI is increasing, and currently more than 60 million MRI diagnoses are performed annually worldwide. They are commonly used to diagnose various diseases and injuries such as Alzheimer's disease (dementia), cancer cells and torn ligaments. The imaging system uses a variety of RF / microwave devices, including oscillators, transmitters, and antennas. For example, ADI now offers a 20-bit data converter (DAC) AD5791 designed to improve imaging resolution.
The AD5791 has true resolution and accuracy in parts per million (ppm) (Figure 1). The AD5791 has a relative accuracy specification of ± 1LSB DNL, ​​ensuring consistent operation. The low frequency noise of this DAC is only 0.025ppm, and the output drift is only 0.05ppm / C. Such low noise reduces undesirable image artifacts, thereby reducing the need for multiple MRI scans, so patients can be diagnosed and treated in less time. The output can be configured as a standard unipolar (+ 5V, + 10V) or bipolar (± 5V, ± 10 V) range. The working clock rate of AD5791's 3-wire serial interface is 50MHz.
Figure 1: The ADI single-chip DAC has high accuracy and can achieve very clear diagnostic imaging pictures.
The application of spectroscopes is another growth market for radio frequency / microwave technology in the medical field. It essentially implements chemical analysis by illuminating light on specimens. Recently, Agilent and the University of Texas at Dallas announced plans to create a millimeter-wave and sub-millimeter-wave electronic characterization facility. The facility will initially support the feasibility of implementing 180 to 300 GHz spectral technology on CMOS for healthcare and security applications.
HitTIte Microwave ’s new comparator product line also targets spectroscopy applications. The company said that these six comparators have the following characteristics: 20Gbps rate, 150mW power consumption, 120ps clock to data output delay (Figure 2). Normally, they have a minimum detectable input pulse width of 60ps, and the rated random jitter is only 0.2ps. These comparators support a common-mode input voltage range of ± 1.75V, and their typical overdrive and slew rate deviations are less than 10ps. The HMC874LC3C, HMC875LC3C, and HMC876LC3C monolithic comparators have high-speed latching features with programmable hysteresis. They provide low-swing PECL, CML, and ECL output drivers, respectively.
Figure 2: HitTIte Microwave's comparator can meet the requirements of spectroscope applications.
The company also released three new monolithic 10GHz comparators HMC674LC3C, HMC675LC3C and HMC676LC3C with level-latch inputs. The three comparators support a 10GHz input bandwidth, a transmission delay of 85ps, and a minimum pulse width of 60ps with 0.2psRMS random jitter. They have 10ps overdrive and slew rate dispersion, less than 140mW power consumption. These devices have differential latch control and programmable hysteresis, and can be configured to operate in latch mode or as a tracking comparator. Like other devices in the series, they provide low-swing PECL, CML, and ECL output drivers, respectively.
Remote monitoring application
In hospitals, clinics and homes, remote monitoring involving wireless networks may be the most thriving medical market. The most attractive aspect of remote monitoring is that it can also be used to communicate with and provide education to patients. Of course, the need to send and receive information at the same time will have different requirements for the required equipment and network infrastructure. A clinical study conducted in Illinois used remote monitoring to manage the administration of Gleevec. Gleevec is a drug developed and produced by Novartis for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. This study will evaluate the use of a mobile-based personalized medicine management system called eMedonline.
In this study, eMedonline, as a "smart service", fully utilizes the radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless functions of mobile phones, turning smartphones into a drug sensor. The mobile phone wirelessly reads and collects drug data from the RFID "smart tags" on the drug packaging in real time. It monitors patient report results and helps verify that the patient is taking the correct drug at the correct time. The data in the mobile phone is wirelessly sent to a secure server, and the clinical review and analysis are carried out with the help of the data in the server. Alerts can be sent based on the situation to intervene in missed medications or undesirable conditions so that they do not become serious health risks. The original intention of this study came from the fact that patients often did not follow the doctor's orders.
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