Acid rain is a pollution phenomenon caused by human activities leading to regional acidification, which has an important impact on public health, industrial and agricultural production, ecological environment and global climate change. Acid rain observation is already an important part of the meteorological work and one of the basic tasks of the meteorological station.
The acidity meter is abbreviated as PH meter, which is mainly used to measure the pH value of liquid medium. It is the basic instrument for measuring acid rain widely used by meteorological stations in China.
With the rapid development of the current economy, the scope of application and technology are expanded and updated from time to time. Various PH meters, PH acidity meter products are used to accurately measure the pH value of liquid media, including industrial processing, food industry measurement. Etc. The pH meter can also measure the ion electrode potential MV value by matching the corresponding ion selective electrode. Potentiometric measurement with a pH meter acidity meter, the most sophisticated method for measuring pH, widely used in industrial, agricultural, scientific research, environmental protection and other fields. For the first time users of the PH meter, let me take a look at the main three structural components of the pH meter.
The pH meter consists of three parts:1 a reference electrode;
2 a glass electrode whose potential depends on the pH of the surrounding solution;
3 An galvanometer that measures a small potential difference in a circuit with a very high resistance.
At present, there are many types and models of acidity meters, but the basic structures are similar. They are mainly composed of an indicator electrode, a reference electrode, a liquid to be tested, and a wire to form a primary battery device. The working device is as shown in the following figure.
In a working battery, an electrode whose potential is constant is called a reference electrode. The reference electrode is an important factor in determining the potential of the indicator electrode. The most accurate reference electrode is a standard hydrogen electrode, but it is cumbersome to make, and there are not many practical applications. Common reference electrodes are the manganese electrode and the silver-silver chloride electrode.
(1) The calomel electrode is composed of a paste of mercury (Hg) and calomel in a solution of a certain concentration.
The calomel electrode (reference electrode) is characterized by a fixed potential value, and its electrode reaction formula is as follows:
The expression at the potential at t=25°C is:
Among them is the standard calomel electrode potential value. It can be seen from the above formula that when t is constant, the point value of the calomel electrode depends on the CI-concentration in the KC1 solution. There are three commonly used concentrations of potassium chloride solution in the C1-mercury electrode, and the electrode potentials of each corresponding calomel electrode are as follows:
(2) Silver-silver chloride electrode
It is also a widely used reference electrode. It is coated with a layer of silver chloride on the surface of the silver wire and invaded into a certain concentration of potassium chloride solution saturated with silver chloride. The electrode reaction is:
It can be seen from the above formula that when l is constant, the position of the silver-silver chloride electrode is also determined by the C1-concentration in the KC1 solution, and the concentration of the potassium chloride solution in the silver-silver chloride electrode is usually three, each concentration. The potential of the corresponding silver-silver chloride electrode is as follows:
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