High voltage switchgear is a very important electrical equipment in power systems. Deterioration of the operating state of the switchgear is one of the causes of the failure of the power system. So, what are the common faults of high voltage switchgear?
(1) Outdoor and indoor
From the placement of high-voltage switchgear, it can be divided into outdoor and indoor type, and 10KV and below are more user-friendly. According to the different line schemes, it can be divided into inlet and outlet line switch cabinets, contact oil switch cabinets, busbar sectional cabinets, etc. 10KV in and out of the switchgear cabinet is equipped with a small oil circuit breaker or vacuum circuit breaker. The operating mechanism of the circuit breaker is mostly a spring operating mechanism or an electromagnetic operating mechanism, and also has a manual operating mechanism or a permanent magnet operating mechanism. . Different switchgear cabinets have large differences in structure, which will affect the selection and installation of the sensor.
(2) Fixed and removable
From the use of high-voltage switchgear, it can be divided into fixed and removable. In the past, the power plant system of the power plant used to use the switchgear, while the power supply system used more fixed cabinets. With the advancement of science and technology and the continuous development of new products, many idioms are also changing. For example, metal armored switchgear is developed on the basis of fixed switchgear. The metal armored switchgear is a fully enclosed structure, and the functional chambers are separated from each other. The normal operation performance and the anti-misoperation function are perfect and reasonable, and the maintenance is convenient, and the safety and reliability of the operation are greatly improved.
(III) Development of high voltage switchgear
In recent years, with the development and promotion of small vacuum circuit breaker technology, the new development of the centrally-mounted switchgear as a metal-enclosed armored switchgear has been rapidly developed. The advantages of the center cabinet are many. The most important thing is the miniaturization of the handcart and the mechanization of the production process, which makes the production of the handcart and the guide rail more precise. There are even many manufacturers' products. The handcart includes the main circuit breaker and the cabinet. It is not necessary to debug one-to-one in the factory. After being shipped to the site at the factory, it is easy to debug successfully. It also ensures that the handcart is flexible and convenient. . Due to the good interchangeability of the product, it is affected by the ground level conditions on site. The metal armored removable switchgear is safe and reliable in operation and easy to maintain and maintain. Therefore, the power supply system is also being used more and more.
Second, the common fault analysis of high voltage switchgear
Analysis of the reasons for the failure of high-voltage switchgear, mostly in insulation, electrical and mechanical aspects.
(1) Refusal or malfunction
This kind of fault is the main fault of the high voltage switchgear, and the reasons can be divided into two categories. One type is caused by the mechanical failure of the operating mechanism and the transmission system. The specific performance is that the mechanism is stuck, the parts are deformed, displaced or damaged, the core of the closing and closing is loose, the card is loose, the shaft pin is loose, and the tripping is unsuccessful. The other type is caused by electrical control and auxiliary circuit, which is characterized by poor contact of secondary wiring, loose terminals, incorrect wiring, burn-off of the closing and closing coil due to poor mechanism or switch, auxiliary switch failure, and operation. Power supply, closing contactor, micro switch, etc.
(2) Breaking and closing faults
This type of fault is caused by the main body of the circuit breaker. For the oil-less circuit breaker, the main performance is short-circuit of the fuel injection, burnout of the arc-extinguishing chamber, insufficient breaking capacity, and explosion at the time of closing. For the vacuum circuit breaker, it is characterized by air leakage of the arc extinguishing chamber and the bellows, reduction of vacuum, re-ignition of the capacitor capacitor group, and cracking of the ceramic tube.
(3) Insulation failure
The insulation level is to correctly handle the relationship between various voltages (including operating voltage and various overvoltages) acting on the insulation, various voltage limiting measures, and dielectric strength. Strive to make products safe and economical, and get the best economic benefits. In the insulation failure, the main performance is the external insulation to the ground flashover breakdown, the internal insulation to the ground flashover breakdown, the phase insulation flashover breakdown, the lightning overvoltage flashover breakdown, the porcelain bottle casing, the capacitor casing flashover , pollution flash, breakdown, explosion, lifting rod flashover, CT flashover, breakdown, explosion, porcelain bottle breakage.
(four) current carrying fault
The main cause of the current-carrying fault occurring at the voltage level of 72~12KV is that the contact of the switchgear isolation plug causes the contact to be melted.
(5) External forces and other faults
Including foreign body impact, natural disasters, small animal short circuits and other unknown external forces and unexpected failures.
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