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Recently, the Chinese Academy of Engineering's "Engineering" published the latest opinion article "Towards a new generation of intelligent manufacturing", authors Zhou Ji, Li Peigen, Zhou Yanhong, etc. The article points out that intelligent manufacturing is a big concept of continuous evolution and development, which can be summarized into three basics. Paradigm: digital manufacturing, digital networked manufacturing, digital networked intelligent manufacturing - a new generation of intelligent manufacturing. A new generation of intelligent manufacturing is the deep integration of a new generation of artificial intelligence technology and advanced manufacturing technology, and is the core driving force of the new round of industrial revolution. The Human-Information-Physical System (HCPS) reveals the technical mechanism of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing that can effectively guide the theoretical research and engineering practice of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing. Promoting the intelligent transformation of manufacturing industry should adopt the technical route of “parallel advancement and integrated developmentâ€.
Towards a new generation of intelligent manufacturing
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Summary
Intelligent manufacturing is a big concept of continuous evolution and can be summarized into three basic paradigms: digital manufacturing, digital networked manufacturing, digital networked intelligent manufacturing - a new generation of intelligent manufacturing. The new generation of intelligent manufacturing is the deep integration of the new generation of artificial intelligence technology and advanced manufacturing technology. It runs through all aspects of product design, manufacturing and service life cycle and the optimization integration of corresponding systems, continuously improving the product quality, efficiency and service level of the enterprise. Reducing resource energy consumption is the core driving force of the new round of industrial revolution and the main path for manufacturing transformation and upgrading in the next few decades. The Human-Information-Physical System (HCPS) reveals the technical mechanism of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing that can effectively guide the theoretical research and engineering practice of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing. Based on the characteristics of the three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing, which are unfolded, interwoven, and iteratively upgraded, the technological transformation of manufacturing innovation should adopt the technical strategy of “parallel advancement and integrated developmentâ€.
Keywords: advanced manufacturing, new generation intelligent manufacturing, human-information-physical system, new generation artificial intelligence, basic paradigm, parallel advancement, integrated development
1 Introduction
In the face of a new round of industrial revolution, "Made in China 2025" clearly stated that it is necessary to take the next generation of information technology and manufacturing industry as the main line, and to promote intelligent manufacturing as the main direction [1]. All countries in the world are actively taking action. The United States proposes the "Advanced Manufacturing Partnership Program" [2, 3], Germany proposes the "Industrial 4.0 Strategic Plan" [4], the United Kingdom proposes "Industrial 2050" [5], France proposes "New Industry" The French plan "[6], Japan proposed "Social 5.0 Strategy" [7], and South Korea proposed "Manufacturing Innovation 3.0 Plan" [8], all of which will develop smart manufacturing as a key measure for building competitive advantage in the country.
Since the new century, the new generation of information technology has experienced explosive growth, digital networked intelligent technology has been widely used in manufacturing, and integrated innovation of manufacturing systems has been continuously developed, forming a major driving force for a new round of industrial revolution. In particular, the new generation of intelligent manufacturing, as the core technology of the new round of industrial revolution, is triggering major and profound changes in the development concept and manufacturing model of the manufacturing industry, and is reshaping the development path, technical system and industrial format of the manufacturing industry. Thereby promoting the development of global manufacturing industry into a new stage [9-13].
2. Three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing
Broadly speaking, intelligent manufacturing is a big concept [10, 14]. It is a deep integration of advanced information technology and advanced manufacturing technology. It runs through all aspects of product lifecycle, product design, manufacturing, and service, and the integration of corresponding systems. The aim is to continuously improve the product quality, efficiency and service level of the enterprise, reduce resource consumption, and promote innovation, green, coordination, openness and shared development of the manufacturing industry.
For decades, intelligent manufacturing has formed many different relevant paradigms in the evolution of practice, including lean production, flexible manufacturing, concurrent engineering, agile manufacturing, digital manufacturing, computer integrated manufacturing, networked manufacturing, cloud manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing, etc. [ 15-23], played an active role in guiding the upgrading of manufacturing technology. At the same time, however, many paradigms are not conducive to the formation of a unified intelligent manufacturing technology route, which has caused many problems in the practice of promoting intelligent upgrade. In the face of new technologies, new ideas, and new models that are constantly emerging in intelligent manufacturing, it is necessary to summarize and extract the basic paradigms.
The development of intelligent manufacturing is accompanied by advances in information technology. The development of global informatization can be divided into three stages: from the middle of the last century to the mid-1990s, informatization is a digital stage characterized by computing, communication and control applications; since the mid-1990s, the Internet has been large. Popularization and application, informationization has entered the networked stage with the Internet of Everything as the main feature; currently, on the basis of big data, cloud computing, mobile Internet, industrial Internet cluster breakthrough, and fusion application, artificial intelligence realizes strategic breakthrough and informationization. Entered the intelligent stage with the new generation of artificial intelligence technology as the main feature [24].
The comprehensive intelligent manufacturing paradigm, combined with the integration characteristics of informationization and manufacturing at different stages, can summarize, summarize and enhance the basic paradigm of three intelligent manufacturing, namely: digital manufacturing, digital networked manufacturing, digital networked intelligent Manufacturing - a new generation of intelligent manufacturing.
Figure 1 Three basic paradigm evolutions of intelligent manufacturing
2.1 Digital Manufacturing
Digital manufacturing is the first basic paradigm of intelligent manufacturing, and can also be called the first generation of intelligent manufacturing.
The concept of intelligent manufacturing first appeared in the 1980s [25], but because the first generation of artificial intelligence technology applied at that time was still difficult to solve engineering practice problems, the generation of intelligent manufacturing was mainly digital manufacturing.
Since the second half of the last century, with the strong demand for technological advancement in the manufacturing industry, information technology with digital as the main form has been widely used in the manufacturing industry to promote revolutionary changes in the manufacturing industry. Digital manufacturing is the rapid development of products that meet user requirements through the digital description, analysis, decision-making and control of product information, process information and resource information in the context of the integration of digital technology and manufacturing technology [15, 16, 26, 27 ].
The main characteristics of digital manufacturing are as follows: First, digital technology is widely used in products to form "digital generation" innovative products; second, digital design, modeling and simulation, digital equipment, and information management are widely used; third, Achieve integrated optimization of the production process.
It should be noted that digital manufacturing is the foundation of intelligent manufacturing, and its connotation is constantly developing. It runs through the three basic paradigms and all development processes of intelligent manufacturing. The digital manufacturing defined here is a digital manufacturing as the first basic paradigm, which is a relatively narrow positioning. There are also a number of broad definitions and theories about digital manufacturing in the world [28].
2.2 Digital Networked Manufacturing
Digital networked manufacturing is the second basic paradigm of intelligent manufacturing, also known as "Internet + manufacturing", or second-generation intelligent manufacturing [29].
At the end of the last century, Internet technology began to be widely used. "Internet +" continued to promote the integration of Internet and manufacturing. The network connects people, processes, data and things through collaboration within and between enterprises and various social resources. Reshaping the value chain of manufacturing to promote the transformation of manufacturing from digital manufacturing to digital networked manufacturing [17, 30-33].
The main characteristics of digital networked manufacturing are as follows: First, in terms of products, digital technology and network technology are widely used, products are connected, and design, research and development achieve synergy and sharing. Second, in terms of manufacturing, horizontal integration, vertical integration, and end-to-end integration are achieved to open up the data flow and information flow of the entire manufacturing system. Third, in terms of services, enterprises and users connect and interact through network platforms, and enterprise production begins to shift from product-centric to user-centric [34].
The German "Industry 4.0" report and the US GE "Industrial Internet" report fully illustrate the digital networked manufacturing paradigm, and brilliantly put forward the technical route to realize digital networked manufacturing [4, 9, 31, 35-39].
2.3 A new generation of intelligent manufacturing - digital networked intelligent manufacturing
Digital networked intelligent manufacturing is the third basic paradigm of intelligent manufacturing, and can also be called a new generation of intelligent manufacturing.
In recent years, driven by the strong demand for economic and social development, the popularity of the Internet, the emergence of cloud computing and big data, and the rapid changes in the information environment, the big data intelligence, human-machine hybrid enhanced intelligence, group intelligence, cross A new generation of artificial intelligence technologies such as media intelligence has accelerated and achieved a strategic breakthrough [24, 40, 41]. The new generation of artificial intelligence technology and advanced manufacturing technology are deeply integrated to form a new generation of intelligent manufacturing - digital networked intelligent manufacturing. A new generation of intelligent manufacturing will reshape all aspects of the life cycle of design, manufacturing, service and other products and integrate them, and promote new technologies, new products, new formats, new models, profoundly affect and change human production structure, production methods and even life. Ways and modes of thinking to achieve an overall jump in social productivity. A new generation of intelligent manufacturing will bring revolutionary changes to the manufacturing industry and will become the core driving force for the future development of the manufacturing industry.
The three basic paradigms of intelligent manufacturing reflect the inherent law of the development of intelligent manufacturing: on the one hand, the three basic paradigms are unfolded, each with its own characteristics and problems to be solved, reflecting the integration of advanced information technology and advanced manufacturing technology. On the other hand, the three basic paradigms are not completely separated in technology, but are intertwined and iteratively upgraded, embodying the fusion characteristics of intelligent manufacturing development. For emerging industrial countries such as China, we should take advantage of the latecomer and adopt the three basic paradigms of “parallel advancement and integrated developmentâ€.
3. A new generation of intelligent manufacturing leads and promotes a new round of industrial revolution
3.1 Development background
In today's world, manufacturing companies in all countries are generally faced with strong demand for improving quality, increasing efficiency, reducing costs, and responding quickly. They must constantly adapt to the growing individualized consumer demand of users and cope with the challenges of further increasing resource and energy constraints. However, the existing manufacturing systems and manufacturing levels have been difficult to meet the needs of high-end, personalized, intelligent products and services value-added upgrades, and the further development of the manufacturing industry faces huge bottlenecks and difficulties. Solving problems, meeting challenges, and urgently need technological innovation and intelligent upgrading in manufacturing [14, 41].
The new round of industrial revolution is in the ascendant, and its fundamental driving force lies in a new round of scientific and technological revolution. Since the new century, new generations of information technology such as mobile internet, supercomputing, big data, cloud computing, and Internet of Things have been advancing rapidly and rapidly [11, 12, 42-48], and they have been popularized and applied extremely rapidly, forming a group leap. These historic technological advances have brought together a strategic breakthrough in the new generation of artificial intelligence technology, achieving a qualitative leap [24]. The new generation of artificial intelligence presents new features such as deep learning, cross-border collaboration, human-machine integration, and group intelligence, providing humans with new ideas for understanding complex systems and transforming nature and society. Of course, the new generation of artificial intelligence technology is still in the process of rapid development, will continue to move from "weak artificial intelligence" to "strong artificial intelligence", and constantly expand human "brain power", the scope of application will be ubiquitous. A new generation of artificial intelligence has become the core technology of a new round of scientific and technological revolution, providing a historic opportunity for the revolutionary industrial upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and is forming a huge engine to promote economic and social development. All countries in the world have placed the development of a new generation of artificial intelligence in the most important position [49, 50].
The deep integration of a new generation of artificial intelligence technology and advanced manufacturing technology has formed a new generation of intelligent manufacturing technology, which has become the core driving force of a new round of industrial revolution.
3.2 A new generation of intelligent manufacturing is the core technology of a new round of industrial revolution
Science and technology are the primary productive forces, and technological innovation is the fundamental driving force for economic and social development. The first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution were driven by the invention and application of steam engines and electric power, respectively, which greatly improved productivity and human society entered the modern industrial society. The third industrial revolution, marked by the innovation and application of information technology such as computing, communication, and control, continued to push industrial development to a new level [51].
Since the new century, digitalization and networking have made the acquisition, use, control and sharing of information extremely fast and popular. Moreover, the breakthrough and application of a new generation of artificial intelligence has further enhanced the level of digitalization and intelligentization of manufacturing industry. It is characterized by the ability to recognize and learn, and to have the ability to generate knowledge and use knowledge better, thus fundamentally improving the efficiency of industrial knowledge generation and utilization, greatly liberating people's physical and mental power, and making innovation faster. The speed is greatly accelerated, and the scope of application is more ubiquitous, thus pushing the development of the manufacturing industry into a new stage, namely, digital networked intelligent manufacturing - a new generation of intelligent manufacturing. If digital networked manufacturing is the beginning of a new round of industrial revolution, the breakthrough and widespread application of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing will promote the climax of the new industrial revolution, and will reshape the manufacturing technology system, production mode, and industrial form. It will lead the real "Industry 4.0" and realize a new round of industrial revolution.
3.3 Vision
Manufacturing systems will have more and more powerful intelligence, especially the increasingly powerful cognitive and learning ability. Human intelligence and machine intelligence will inspire each other to make the knowledge-based work of manufacturing industry become self-intelligent. Transform, and then break through the bottlenecks and difficulties faced by today's manufacturing industry.
In the new generation of intelligent manufacturing, the products are highly intelligent and pleasant, and the manufacturing process is characterized by high quality, flexibility, high efficiency, green, etc. The industrial model has undergone revolutionary changes, and the service-oriented manufacturing industry and the production-oriented service industry have developed greatly. In addition, we will jointly optimize the integration of new manufacturing systems, comprehensively reshape the manufacturing value chain, and greatly enhance the innovation and competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.
A new generation of intelligent manufacturing will bring revolutionary changes to human society. The division of labor between people and machines will revolutionize. Intelligent machines will replace a lot of human physical labor and a considerable part of mental work. Human beings can do more creative work; the working and living environment of human beings will move toward a people-oriented direction. At the same time, a new generation of intelligent manufacturing will effectively reduce the consumption and waste of resources and energy, and continue to lead the green development and harmonious development of the manufacturing industry.
4. The technical mechanism of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing: "Human-Information-Physical System" (HCPS)
Intelligent manufacturing involves multiple aspects of intelligent products, intelligent production and intelligent services and its optimized integration. From the perspective of technical mechanism, although these differences are intrinsically consistent, the production process is taken as an example for analysis.
4.1 Traditional Manufacturing and “Human-Physical Systemsâ€
The traditional manufacturing system consists of two parts, the human and the physical system. It is completely controlled by human-to-machine operations to complete various tasks (as shown in Figure 2(a)). The power revolution has greatly improved the production efficiency and quality of physical systems (machines), and physical systems (machines) have replaced humans with a lot of manual labor. In the traditional manufacturing system, people are required to complete various tasks such as information perception, analysis and decision-making, operation control, and cognitive learning. They not only have high requirements for people, but also have high labor intensity, and the system work efficiency, quality, and ability to complete complex work tasks. Still very limited. The conventional manufacturing system can be abstractly described as "HPS-Human-Physical Systems" shown in Figure 2(b).
4.2 Digital Manufacturing, Digital Networked Manufacturing and "Human-Information-Physical Systems"
Compared with traditional manufacturing systems, the essential changes in the first-generation and second-generation intelligent manufacturing systems are that information systems are added between humans and physical systems. Information systems can replace humans to complete part of the mental work, a considerable part of human beings. Perception, analysis, and decision-making functions are copied and migrated to the information system, and then the physical system can be controlled by the information system to replace human beings to complete more manual labor, as shown in FIG.
Figure 3 First and second generation intelligent manufacturing systems
First- and second-generation intelligent manufacturing systems have greatly improved the capabilities of the system, especially computational analysis, precision control, and perceptual capabilities by integrating the respective advantages of people, information systems, and physical systems. On the one hand, the system's work efficiency, quality and stability have been significantly improved; on the other hand, the relevant manufacturing experience and knowledge transferred to the information system can effectively improve the inheritance and utilization efficiency of human knowledge. The evolution of manufacturing systems from traditional "human-physical systems" to "HCPS-Human-Cyber-Physical Systems" can be further described graphically in Figure 4 [11, 52, 53].
The introduction of the information system (Cyber ​​system) has enabled the manufacturing system to simultaneously add "HCS-Human-Cyber ​​Systems" and "CPS-Cyber-Physical Systems". Among them, the "information-physical system" (CPS) is a very important component. The United States proposed the theory of CPS at the beginning of this century [54], which Germany regards as the core technology of Industry 4.0. The application of “Information-Physical System†(CPS) in engineering is to achieve perfect mapping and deep integration of information systems and physical systems. “Digital Twin†is
The most basic and critical technology, whereby the performance and efficiency of the manufacturing system can be greatly improved [13, 30, 37, 55, 56].
Figure 4 From "human-physical systems" to "human-information-physical systems"
4.3 A new generation of intelligent manufacturing and a new generation of "human-information-physical systems"
The most essential feature of the new generation of intelligent manufacturing systems is that their information systems add cognitive and learning functions. The information system not only has powerful sensing, computational analysis and control capabilities, but also has the ability to learn and improve knowledge, as shown in Figure 5. Shown.
Figure 5 The basic mechanism of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing systems
At this stage, a new generation of artificial intelligence technology will make a qualitative change in the "human-information-physical system" to form a new generation of "human-information-physical systems" (as shown in Figure 6). The main changes are: First, people transfer part of cognitive and learning mental work to the information system, so the information system has the ability of "cognition and learning", and the relationship between people and information systems has undergone fundamental changes. From the "to teach the fish" to the "to teach the fish"; Second, through the "people in the loop" hybrid to enhance intelligence, the deep integration of man and machine will essentially improve the processing system complexity, uncertainty issues The ability to greatly optimize the performance of manufacturing systems [52, 57].
Figure 6 A new generation of "human-information-physical systems"
In the new generation of "human-information-physical systems", HCS, HPS and CPS will all achieve a qualitative leap.
A new generation of intelligent manufacturing further highlights the central position of people. It is a comprehensive and integrated system that coordinates the coordination of “peopleâ€, “information systems†and “physical systemsâ€; it will bring the quality and efficiency of manufacturing to a new level. The good life of the people lays a better material foundation; it will free mankind from more manual labor and a lot of mental work, so that human beings can engage in more meaningful creative work, and human society begins to truly enter the "smart age" [10- 12, 51].
Figure 7 From "human-physical systems" to a new generation of "human-information-physical systems"
In short, the process of manufacturing from traditional manufacturing to a new generation of intelligent manufacturing is a process of evolution from the original "human-physical" binary system to a new generation of "human-information-physical" ternary system (Figure 7). A new generation of "human-information-physical systems" reveals the technical mechanism of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing, which can effectively guide the theoretical research and engineering practice of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing.
5. System composition and system integration of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing
The new generation of intelligent manufacturing is a large system, which is mainly composed of three functional systems of intelligent products, intelligent production and intelligent services, and two support systems of industrial intelligent network and intelligent manufacturing cloud (as shown in Figure 8).
Figure 8 System integration of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing
The new generation of intelligent manufacturing technology is a core enabling technology that can be widely used in discrete manufacturing and process manufacturing for product innovation, production innovation, service innovation and other manufacturing value chain innovation and optimization.
5.1 Intelligent products and manufacturing equipment
Products and manufacturing equipment are the mainstay of intelligent manufacturing. Among them, products are the value carriers of intelligent manufacturing, and manufacturing equipment is the premise and basis for implementing intelligent manufacturing [58].
A new generation of artificial intelligence and a new generation of intelligent manufacturing will bring unlimited space for product and manufacturing equipment innovation, making revolutionary changes in products and manufacturing equipment, from the "digital generation" to the "smart generation." From the perspective of technical mechanism, the "smart generation" products and manufacturing equipment are highly intelligent, pleasant, high-quality, cost-effective products and manufacturing equipment with the characteristics of a new generation of HCPS.
Design is the most important part of product innovation. Intelligent optimization design, intelligent collaborative design, intelligent customization with user interaction, and “genu creation†based on group intelligence are all important contents of intelligent design. The development of intelligent design systems with the characteristics of a new generation of HCPS is also one of the core contents for the development of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing.
5.2 Intelligent production
Intelligent production is the main line of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing [40, 59, 60].
Intelligent production lines, intelligent workshops and smart factories are the main carriers of intelligent production [61-63]. A new generation of intelligent manufacturing will solve key problems such as accurate modeling and real-time optimization decision-making of complex systems, and form self-learning, self-aware, adaptive, self-controlled intelligent production lines, intelligent workshops and smart factories to achieve high quality of product manufacturing. Flexible, efficient, safe and green.
5.3 Intelligent Services
The change of industrial model with intelligent service as the core is the theme of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing [64, 65].
In the intelligent era, products, life-cycle services such as marketing, sales, supply, operation and maintenance are all given new content due to new technologies such as Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence.
The application of a new generation of artificial intelligence technology will lead to a new mode of manufacturing and new business: first, from large-scale assembly line production to large-scale customized production; second, from production-oriented manufacturing to service-oriented manufacturing, promoting service-oriented manufacturing and The production-oriented service industry has developed greatly, and together they have formed a new manufacturing and new format. The manufacturing industry model will achieve a fundamental supply-oriented and user-centered transformation, and complete a profound supply-side structural reform.
5.4 Intelligent Manufacturing Cloud and Industrial Intelligence Network
Intelligent manufacturing cloud and industrial smart networking are the foundations that support the next generation of intelligent manufacturing [9, 20, 31, 44, 66, 67].
With the development and application of next-generation communication technology, network technology, cloud technology and artificial intelligence technology, smart manufacturing cloud and industrial intelligent networking will achieve a qualitative leap. Intelligent Manufacturing Cloud and Industrial Intelligent Network will be composed of intelligent network system, intelligent platform system and intelligent security system, which will provide space for development and reliable guarantee for the new generation of intelligent manufacturing productivity and production mode change [68].
5.5 System Integration
The new generation of intelligent manufacturing has an unprecedented "big integration" feature both internally and externally:
On the one hand is the “big integration†within the manufacturing system. The internal design, production, sales, service, and management processes of the enterprise realize dynamic intelligent integration, that is, vertical integration; enterprises and enterprises are based on industrial intelligent networking and intelligent cloud platform to realize integration, sharing, collaboration and optimization, that is, horizontal integration [69] -72].
On the other hand is the "big integration" outside the manufacturing system. The deep integration of manufacturing and financial industries and upstream and downstream industries has formed a new format for the joint development of service-oriented manufacturing and production services. Intelligent manufacturing integrates with smart cities, intelligent agriculture, intelligent medical care and even intelligent society to form an intelligent “ecological systemâ€.
The large-scale integration of the new generation of intelligent manufacturing systems has the distinctive features of large openness, with the characteristics of concentration and distribution, overall planning and precision, tolerance and sharing, and has broad development prospects.
6. Parallel advancement and integrated development - China's technical route to promote intelligent manufacturing
In the developed countries of the West, smart manufacturing is a “series-style†development process. After decades of fully developing digital manufacturing, they develop digital networked manufacturing and move to a more advanced stage of intelligent manufacturing [16]. In China, the manufacturing industry has extremely strong demand for intelligent upgrades. In recent years, technological progress has also been rapid, but in general, the foundation of China's smart manufacturing is very weak. Most enterprises, especially the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises, have not yet completed digital manufacturing. Transformation. Faced with such a reality, how can China promote technological transformation and intelligent upgrading of manufacturing?
First of all, we must seek truth from facts. In the process of advancing the intelligent upgrade, Chinese enterprises must implement digital “remediation†in a down-to-earth manner and consolidate the foundation of intelligent manufacturing development. At the same time, it is not necessary to follow the path of “sequential development†in western developed countries, and strive to explore a smart manufacturing. A new path of leaping development.
In recent years, the Chinese manufacturing industry has vigorously promoted "Internet + manufacturing." On the one hand, a group of enterprises with better digital manufacturing bases have successfully transformed and realized digital networked manufacturing. On the other hand, some enterprises that have not yet achieved digital manufacturing adopt the technical route of parallel promoting digital manufacturing and digital networked manufacturing. At the same time that the digital manufacturing "remediation" was completed, the leap to digital networked manufacturing was successfully realized. This gives us a successful experience.
China's promotion of intelligent manufacturing should adopt a "parallel" development approach, adopting the "parallel advancement, integrated development" technology route: parallel advancement of digital manufacturing, digital networked manufacturing, a new generation of intelligent manufacturing, and the full application of high-speed development The fusion of information technology and advanced manufacturing technology to lead and promote the intelligent transformation of China's manufacturing industry.
In the coming years, considering the current situation of China's smart manufacturing development, and considering that the new generation of intelligent manufacturing technology is still immature, the focus of China's manufacturing transformation and upgrading should focus on large-scale promotion and comprehensive application of "Internet + manufacturing"; In the process of vigorously popularizing "Internet + manufacturing", we must pay special attention to the integration and application of various advanced technologies, "high-low, integrated development." On the one hand, the majority of enterprises can complete the “digital remediation†with high quality; on the other hand, the application of the new generation of intelligent manufacturing technology as soon as possible can greatly accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.
In a few years, after the new generation of intelligent manufacturing technology is basically mature, China's manufacturing industry will enter a new stage of comprehensive promotion and application of the new generation of intelligent manufacturing.
When China promotes the three basic paradigms “integrated developmentâ€, it must formulate uniform standards. In the next few decades, Chinese enterprises will face many paradigm shifts and technology upgrades in the process of intelligent upgrade. They must attach great importance to the formulation and implementation of relevant standards for intelligent manufacturing, prepare for subsequent development, and avoid low-level redundant construction of enterprises. It is conducive to the phased implementation and continuous upgrading of intelligent manufacturing in China.
In the process of implementing the technical route of “parallel advancement and integration developmentâ€, it is necessary to emphasize the policy of “five adherencesâ€.
First, adhere to the "innovation leading." Grasping the historic opportunities brought by the new generation of intelligent manufacturing, making full use of advanced technologies such as the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, aiming at the high-end direction, accelerating research, development, demonstration, promotion and application of a new generation of intelligent manufacturing technology, with innovation Leading and promoting the improvement of manufacturing quality and efficiency in manufacturing, and realizing the transformation of China's manufacturing industry.
The second is to adhere to the "adapted by the enterprise." To promote smart manufacturing, we must fully stimulate the endogenous power of the enterprise. China's enterprises are uneven, and the realization of intelligent transformation cannot be "one size fits all". All enterprises, especially the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises, must combine the development of the enterprise and fully consider the balance between technological advancement and technical economy, and realistically apply the transformation and upgrading that suits them. Technical path.
The third is to adhere to the "industry upgrade." Promote intelligent manufacturing can not only stay in typical, demonstration, partial manufacturing or part of manufacturing, but focus on the vast number of enterprises, industries and the entire manufacturing industry, promote China's manufacturing quality change, efficiency change, power change, and achieve Chinese manufacturing. All-round intelligent transformation and upgrading.
The fourth is to adhere to building a good development ecology. All levels of government, science and technology, academic circles, the financial sector and other sectors of the community must work together to create a good ecological environment to help and support the intelligent upgrade of enterprises, especially the majority of small and medium enterprises. We will create a good environment for “mass entrepreneurship and innovationâ€; build an intelligent manufacturing technology innovation system that is closely integrated with “production, research, and researchâ€; form a cluster of emerging enterprises engaged in the promotion and application of various common enabling technologies and system solutions.
The key to advancing the success of intelligent manufacturing lies in talents. People must be people-oriented, mobilize all parties, and strive to train a generation of intelligent manufacturing talents.
The fifth is to insist on openness and collaborative innovation. The Chinese manufacturing industry must continuously expand exchanges with manufacturing industries around the world and implement a higher level of openness. China's market is an open market, and China's innovation system is an open innovation system. We must work together with the world's manufacturing peers to jointly promote a new generation of intelligent manufacturing, jointly promote a new round of industrial revolution, and make the manufacturing industry better for the benefit of mankind.
Acknowledgement
Thanks to Lu Yuxiang, Pan Yunhe, Zhu Gaofeng, Wu Cheng, Li Bohu, Liu Baicheng, Wang Natural, Lu Bingheng, Tan Jianrong, Yang Huayong, Li Dequn, Duan Zhengcheng, Jiang Zhuangde, Lin Zhongqin, Ma Weiming, Ding Rongjun, Gao Jinji, Liu Yongcai, Feng Peide, Chai Tianyou, Sun Youxian, Yuan Qingyi, Qian Feng, Qu Xianming, Shao Xinyu, Dong Jingchen, Zhu Sendi, Cai Weici, Zhang Gang, Huang Qunhui, Lu Wei, Yu Xiaohui, Ning Zhenbo, Zhao Min, Guo Zhaohui, Li Yizhang and other experts made contributions.
I would like to thank Yan Jianlin, Hu Nan, Gu Yi Sha Na, Yang Xiaoying, Xu Jing, Liu Mo, Liu Lihui, Wei Sha, Ma Yuanye, Zhang Xin and other colleagues for their contributions.
This research is funded by the China Academy of Engineering Major Consulting Research Project (2017-ZD-08), and I would like to thank you.
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