The term "sound interference" is extremely high in the audio industry.
I often hear people complain:
The sound interference in the overlapping area between the speaker and the speaker will seriously affect the sound quality;
The sound interference between the treble and the woofer in the speaker will affect the tone;
The speaker design of a certain place causes the sound interference to affect the sound quality;
......
Such things as the above makes the word "sound interference" infamous, it is too pitiful.
What is acoustic interference?
The full name of "sound interference" is called "sound wave interference", which is the result of interaction in overlapping regions during sound wave transmission.
The formation of acoustic interference must meet the following three points:
1. Frequency. Two or more identical frequencies overlap each other, including multiple speakers emitting the same frequency, strong reflection of the environment, and the like.
2. Strength. Two or more frequencies overlap each other, and the amplitudes of the same frequencies are close to each other, and the smaller the intensity error range, the stronger the result after the interaction.
3. Time. Two or more frequencies overlap each other, and the arrival times of the same frequencies are different, that is, the phases of the waveforms are different.
After superimposing two simple waveforms of the same frequency and intensity, we rely on the characteristics of the interaction to see if 1+1 is equal to 2?
1+1=2: As shown in the figure below, the two frequencies with the same amplitude and intensity have the same time to reach the superimposed region, and the phase is the same. Then the result of the interaction of the two identical waveforms is increased by 6dB.
1+1=1.5: As shown in the figure below, the two frequencies with the same amplitude and intensity have different time to reach the superimposed region, and the phase is 90 degrees out of phase. Then the result of the superposition of two identical waveforms is that the amplitude intensity is increased by 3dB.
1+1=1: As shown in the figure below, the two frequencies with the same amplitude and intensity have different time to reach the superimposed region, and the phase difference is 120 degrees. Then the result of the superposition of two identical waveforms is that the amplitude intensity is constant.
1+1=0: As shown in the figure below, the two frequencies with the same amplitude and intensity have different time to reach the superimposed region, and the phases are 180 degrees out of phase. Then the result of the superposition of two identical waveforms is that the amplitude intensities cancel each other - ∞.
It is known from the above discussion that two frequencies with the same amplitude intensity have different phase characteristics due to the difference in phase after the two waveforms reach the superimposed region (the arrival time is different), which is the sound. The core principle of interference.
Personally, sound interference is not only a bad thing, but a favorable weapon for our audio industry. We can control the positive superposition characteristics of the waveform in the important listening area by the acoustic interference characteristic, and control the waveform cancellation characteristic to a specific position or an unnecessary position. If there is no acoustic interference, it is difficult for us to effectively control the waveform (sound), especially the low frequency of the waveform.
The well-known linear array speaker set, linear column, low-frequency horizontal and vertical array groups, etc., all use the principle of acoustic interference to achieve good control of the long-wavelength part of the wavelength. The dressing filter of the venue, the coupling characteristics of the horizontal speaker array, the phase alignment of the full-range speaker and the low-frequency speaker, etc. are also interpreted and controlled by the principle of acoustic interference.
to sum up
Sound interference is not just a bad thing, but a weapon that can control the waveform for good coverage. Understand the acoustic interference characteristics, let the acoustic interference characteristics be used by me, so that the listening area can get the correct superposition offset result, which can better balance the problems encountered in the system calibration, and the audio system is never perfect.
If there is no physical interference in the world, then our professional audio system correction workers have no real meaning.
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