The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee will make a major strategic plan for comprehensively deepening reforms, which will further emancipate and develop China's social productive forces and creativity, and will also have far-reaching impact on the innovation and development of the energy and power industries. To implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, the key is to grasp the characteristics of the times, base on the actual situation of the industry, and promote the development of energy security, clean development, environmental protection and friendly development in China with the spirit of reform and innovation. At present, with the innovation breakthrough of new energy technology, intelligent technology, information technology and network technology, the third industrial revolution is gestating. In the first two industrial revolutions, the Chinese nation has fallen behind and has been catching up for more than two hundred years. With a global vision and systematic thinking, we have a deep understanding of the inherent laws and development trends of the industrial revolution. We have thoroughly implemented the spirit of the Third Plenary Session, seized historical opportunities in the new round of industrial revolution, seized opportunities for development, gained competitive advantage, and promoted energy. It is of great significance to develop the scientific development of the power industry, build a well-off society in an all-round way, and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Smart grid carries and promotes the third industrial revolutionEnergy is the material basis for human survival and development. For nearly two hundred years, human society has experienced two industrial revolutions. Throughout the development process of industrial civilization, there is a prominent feature that energy reform has a decisive and overall impact on industrial development, and promotes the continuous evolution of industrial civilization to a higher level and level.
1. Energy change is the fundamental driving force of the third industrial revolution
The first industrial revolution that began in the mid-18th century, due to the invention and widespread application of steam engines, coal quickly replaced the firewood, which promoted the establishment and development of modern industry. Britain, which took the lead in this revolution, established the world's largest coal industry in the 90 years from 1770 to 1860. By the mid-19th century, British coal production had accounted for more than two-thirds of the world's total, and Based on this, we will accelerate the development of modern textile, steel, machinery, railway transportation and other industries, and take the lead in establishing a modern industrial system in the world.
The second industrial revolution, which began in the middle and late 19th century, promoted the establishment and development of modern industry due to the invention and wide application of electricity. It not only produced new power, electrical appliances, petroleum, chemicals, automobiles, communications, information, etc. The industrial sector has also promoted the upgrading of old industrial sectors such as textiles, steel, machinery and railway transportation. In the United States, which took the lead in this revolution, in the 100 years from 1910 to 2010, the installed capacity of electricity, electricity, and power grids ranked first in the world, and the United States was the first to establish a modern industrial system in the world. Nowadays, electric energy has become one of the most important energy sources in the world. From a global perspective, the power-centric energy development and utilization pattern is accelerating and becoming the strategic direction of global energy development. From 1980 to 2012, global power consumption increased by about 200%, while oil, natural gas and coal consumption increased by only 40%, 130% and 110% respectively. The proportion of global primary energy used for power generation increased from 30% to 40%. The proportion of electric energy in terminal energy consumption has increased from 10% to around 20%.
It can be seen from the two industrial revolutions that the energy revolution has a decisive influence on industrial development. Without the breakthrough of steam engine technology, there will be no modern industry, no widespread use of electricity, and modern industry cannot talk about it; Development has a global impact, both to promote the emergence of new industrial sectors, but also to promote the upgrading of the old industrial sector. In short, the energy revolution has a strong internal relationship with the industrial revolution and is the fundamental driving force of the industrial revolution.
After entering the new century, the energy crisis and environmental crisis brought about by large-scale development and utilization of fossil energy are prominent. The industrial civilization based on fossil energy is gradually getting into trouble. A new round of energy reform is booming around the world. This round of energy transformation is an energy revolution characterized by electricity and characterized by large-scale development and utilization of new energy. Between 2000 and 2012, the global wind power and solar power generation capacity increased from 17.93 million kilowatts and 1.4 million kilowatts to 280 million kilowatts and 100 million kilowatts, respectively, which increased by 15 times and 71 times respectively. With the arrival of a new round of energy reform, new energy technologies, intelligent technologies, information technologies, and network technologies have continuously broken through, and fully integrated with the smart grid, which is carrying and promoting the third industrial revolution. The new round of energy reform and the new round of industrial revolution are once again accompanied. This is not a historical coincidence, but because energy reform is the fundamental driving force of the industrial revolution and industrial development. Who can firmly grasp the fundamentals of energy change? Who can The third industrial revolution seized the opportunity.
2. The development of smart grid is the only way to promote energy transformation and the third industrial revolution
From the historical process, the industrial civilization based on the traditional utilization of fossil energy has become unsustainable. The third industrial revolution should be based on the sustainable supply of energy. Transforming energy development and utilization methods with electricity as the center has become the strategic direction of global energy development. The future energy transformation will focus on cleaner and more economical power generation, safer and more efficient configuration, more convenient and more reliable power generation. The replacement of fossil energy by the conversion of renewable energy is only a matter of time.
Power is widely used and must be realized by the power grid. In 1886, the Westinghouse Company of the United States built the world's first AC transmission system. From then on, the world power grid follows the objective of low-to-high voltage levels, small to large network scales, weak to strong configuration capabilities, and increasingly automated. The rapid development of the law can be divided into three stages. First, the primary power grid stage (from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century) is mainly based on early control technology, small unit power generation technology, characterized by low voltage and weak connection, and small isolated power grid based on urban or local area power allocation. . The second is the interconnection grid stage (from the mid-20th century to the end of the 20th century), mainly based on modern control technology, large unit stable power generation technology, large-scale long-distance transmission technology, characterized by high voltage and strong interconnection, with national or international power allocation. The ability to operate large synchronous grids. The third is the smart grid phase (since the beginning of this century), based on the rapid development of new energy technologies, distributed generation technologies, large-scale energy storage technologies, ultra-long-range ultra-large-scale transmission technologies, information network technologies and intelligent control technologies, the world power grid Enter the stage of smart grid development.
The smart grid of the future is the “energy Internet†with strong grid, wide interconnection, high intelligence and open interaction. The strong grid structure means that the power grid is scientific in planning, reasonable in structure, safe and reliable, and flexible in operation. It is suitable for large-scale access of wind power, photovoltaic power generation, distributed power, flexible conversion of power supply and power, and powerful resource allocation capability. The voltage rating of the main grid includes UHV, UHV, and high voltage. Broad interconnection means that the Internet is cross-regional and cross-industry. Intercontinental backbone network, national backbone network, regional power grid, distribution network, micro-grid coordinated development, close connection, constitute a widely covered power resource allocation system; power grid, Internet, Internet of Things and other integration, constitute a powerful social public Service Platform. The extensiveness of the interconnection has brought about a wide range of resource allocation, including extensive allocation of power resources and extensive allocation of other public service resources. Highly intelligent, it refers to the extensive use of information networks, wide-area measurement, high-speed sensing, high-performance computing, intelligent control and other technologies. The six links of power generation, transmission, substation, power distribution, power consumption and dispatching are highly intelligent and automated. Automatic pre-judgment, identification of most faults and risks, and fault self-healing. Open interaction refers to the function of the network market of the power grid, building an open, unified, competitive and orderly power market system that plays a decisive role in the allocation of energy resources, facilitating the wide interaction between users and various types of electrical equipment, and two-way interaction with the power grid. The flow flows in both directions between users and suppliers.
The smart grid is the basic platform for carrying the third industrial revolution and has a general impetus to the third industrial revolution.The first is to promote the transformation of energy development methods. The earth's renewable energy resources are very rich. The World Energy Council estimates that the global terrestrial wind power resources exceed 1 trillion kilowatts, the solar energy resources exceed 100 trillion kilowatts, and there are abundant ocean wind energy, water energy, biomass energy, tides, geothermal resources, which can be converted into electric energy for utilization. . Based on new energy power generation technology and large-scale energy storage technology, smart grid is more adaptable to large-scale intermittent and unstable power supply. It can support large-scale development of wind energy and solar energy, and promote energy development from fossil energy to clean energy. . At the same time, in the smart grid, thousands of households can develop and utilize wind energy and solar energy, and the energy production mode shifts from centralized production to centralized production and distributed production.
The second is to promote the transformation of energy allocation methods. After hundreds of years of development, the energy bases of many countries in the world are farther away from the load center. The wind and solar energy resources are mainly concentrated in the cold, heat and desert, Gobi and other areas far from the load center. Based on ultra-long-range and ultra-large-scale transmission technology, the smart grid has a wider range of energy allocation and stronger capabilities. Only through smart grids can large-scale development of these energy bases be realized, and energy can be optimized from local balance to large-scale optimization and larger scope. Coordinate the balance of change.
The third is to promote the transformation of energy consumption patterns. With the accelerated development of distributed power sources, more and more users have the dual status of energy suppliers and consumers, and the power consumption relationship is flexible. After the widespread use of smart home appliances, users' demand for smart power and interactive services is increasing. The power flow of the traditional power grid can only be transmitted unidirectionally from the supply side to the demand side, and it is difficult to adapt to these new demands. Only the smart grid based on information network technology and intelligent control technology can adapt to the new changes in energy consumption, and promote the transformation of energy consumption from one-way reception and single-mode power consumption to interactive and flexible intelligent power consumption.
The fourth is to promote changes in production and lifestyle. The extent and extent of the impact of the smart grid on the future of society will far exceed our imagination. The large-scale development and utilization of clean energy based on smart grid will promote the low carbonization of production and life; the deep integration of smart grid with Internet of Things and the Internet will constitute a social public platform with incalculable value, energy supply, information communication, home economics, Logistics, transportation, e-commerce and other aspects of services can be based on this platform to achieve the integration of public services; smart grid will support smart homes, intelligent buildings, intelligent communities, smart city construction, and promote the wisdom of production and life.
The fifth is to promote the development of strategic emerging industries. Compared with the traditional interconnected power grid, the smart grid technology-intensive features are more prominent, and have a strong driving effect on new energy, new materials, smart equipment, electric vehicles, and the new-generation information industry. Developed countries in Europe and the United States have integrated the development of smart grid into national strategy. The EU will develop smart grid as an important pillar of the emerging economy. It is estimated that the scale of construction investment in the next 20 years will reach 500 billion euros; the United States will use smart grid as a strategic basis for economic recovery. Facilities, estimated that the construction investment in the next 20 years will reach 1.5 trillion US dollars. Most of the 20 strategic emerging industry major projects identified in China are closely related to the smart grid.
From the successful experience of the British and American countries in the first and second industrial revolutions, whoever can seize the opportunities in the energy revolution and establish a competitive advantage will be able to remain invincible. Facing the third industrial revolution, the energy and power industry should thoroughly implement the spirit of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, take the opportunity of comprehensive deepening reform, conform to the development trend, grasp historical opportunities, accelerate the construction of smart grid, and firmly occupy a new round. The commanding heights of energy reform will promote China's energy security development, clean development, environmental protection development, and friendly development, and play an important role in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the Chinese nation's great rejuvenation of the Chinese dream.
1. To develop a smart grid, we must build consensus and jointly promote
Smart grids are not only an important infrastructure for safeguarding national energy supply, but also connecting multiple networks and infrastructures, which play a key role in promoting the leap-forward development of China's infrastructure. At the same time, the smart grid integrates the most important new energy technologies, intelligent technologies, information technology and network technologies of the third industrial revolution. It has a broad driving role in promoting the development of China's strategic emerging industries and economic transformation and upgrading. Very significant. In recent years, Chinese enterprises have carried out fruitful work in the theoretical research, technological innovation, equipment development, standard formulation, engineering construction, and experimental capacity building of smart grids, and have made a series of major breakthroughs, which are generally at the advanced level in the world. A number of UHV AC and DC transmission projects have been completed and put into operation, and a number of smart grid comprehensive demonstration projects such as Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City and Zhangbei Scenery Storage and Loss have been completed, forming a fully functional and world-leading experimental research system, Smart Grid. Standards development is at the forefront of the world. The foundations and conditions for the comprehensive construction of smart grids in China are already in place. It is necessary to follow the development law that the grid voltage level is getting higher and higher, the network scale is getting bigger and bigger, and the configuration capability is getting stronger. The smart grid is the leading industry of the third industrial revolution, and it is placed in a prominent position to give priority to development. First, we must study and formulate supporting policies such as fiscal, tax, price, investment, and finance, and vigorously support the construction of smart grids. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the main position of enterprises in technological innovation, give play to the role of large-scale enterprise innovation, and concentrate on conquering new energy power generation, large-scale energy storage, multi-network integration, and key equipment for intelligent equipment. Third, we must actively participate in the formulation of international standards for smart grids, and push the standards already formed by Chinese enterprises to the world, laying a good foundation for the participation of China's smart grid technologies and products in global competition.
2. Develop smart grids to be strategically guided and scientifically planned
It is necessary to integrate the smart grid into the overall layout of economic and social development, adhere to strategic leadership, key breakthroughs, and clarify the strategic focus of smart grid development. Accelerate the “One Special Four†strategy, and plan to build a number of large-scale coal-fired power, large-scale hydropower, large-scale nuclear power, and large-scale renewable energy power generation bases in areas with rich energy resources, and adopt the UHV grid as the backbone of the backbone. The power grid transmits large-scale and long-distance power to the central and central load center areas, optimizing the allocation of energy and power resources nationwide. Fully implement the electric energy substitution strategy, implement the air pollution prevention and control plan, and solve the increasingly prominent smog pollution in the eastern and central regions. Increase the power transmission to the eastern and central regions across the district; change the use of coal from industrial boilers, industrial coal kiln furnaces, residential heating kitchens, etc., to significantly reduce direct-fired coal pollution; vigorously develop electric vehicles, electrified rail transit, etc. Reduce fuel emissions and implement an electric energy replacement strategy based on “returning coal by electricity, replacing oil by electricity, and electricity from afarâ€.
It is necessary to incorporate the smart grid into the overall plan for economic and social development, formulate a national-level smart grid development plan, and make overall plans. The "12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development" and the "Twelfth Five-Year National Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan" have been deployed to develop smart grids, but there is no national-level smart grid development plan yet. Strategic deployment is difficult to achieve. We should promptly formulate national-level smart grid development plans, coordinate the development of smart grids and new energy, coordinate the development of smart grids and strategic emerging industries, and coordinate the construction of smart grids and the Internet and Internet of Things.
3. Development of smart grid should be based on energy security, clean, environmental protection and friendly development
China's energy development faces four major problems. The first is the issue of aggregate supply. In 2012, China's total energy consumption reached 3.64 billion tons of standard coal, and the dependence on oil and natural gas reached 59% and 32% respectively. To meet the needs of economic and social development, energy supply will face greater pressure in the future. The second is the issue of resource allocation. China's energy resources and productivity are unevenly distributed. More than 70% of the country's coal, hydropower, wind and solar energy resources are concentrated in the western and northern regions. It is generally more than 1,000 kilometers away from the eastern and central load centers. Large-scale development of these energy bases. The third is the issue of energy efficiency. In China's energy development, the degree of intensification is low; in the transmission chain, excessive dependence on coal transportation, consumption of high-quality energy to transmit low-quality energy; in the use of links, a large amount of coal is still directly burning, the overall energy efficiency is low. The efficiency of the entire process of energy development and utilization needs to be improved. The fourth is the ecological environment. China's energy structure is dominated by coal, and energy development has long pursued on-the-spot balance, bringing about problems of soil, water quality and atmospheric pollution. In particular, air pollution with PM2.5 as the main feature in recent years is essentially the long-term accumulation and concentrated exposure of the contradiction of the “congenital deficiency†of China's energy resource endowment and the “acquired disorder†of energy development mode.
The development of smart grids can effectively solve the four major problems facing China's energy development and realize China's energy security development, clean development, environmental protection development, and friendly development. The safe development is to use the smart grid as the market carrier and configuration platform, make overall use of international and domestic resources, promote large-scale intensive energy development, large-scale optimization and allocation, high efficiency and full utilization, increase the total supply, reduce energy intensity, and reduce energy consumption. Prevent supply and demand imbalances and ensure energy supply stability and reliability. Clean development is to promote the development of new energy and distributed power through the smart grid, improve the energy structure, protect the natural ecology, and minimize the dependence on fossil energy. The development of environmental protection is to give full play to the role of smart grid, make overall use of the national environmental capacity, realize electricity to replace coal, electricity to replace oil, electricity from afar, improve electrification level, effectively solve the atmosphere (haze), water quality, soil in the eastern and central regions. pollution problem. Friendly development is based on the open and interactive advantages of smart grids, flexibly adapting to various types of power generation and Internet access and diversified power demand of customers, making energy development and consumption convenient and fast, making life more comfortable and economical.
4. To develop smart grids, we must accelerate the breakthrough of key links.
First, speed up the construction of UHV grids. To build the North - East - Central China UHV synchronized power grid as the focus, and strive to 2020, "five vertical and five horizontal" UHV exchange network frame and 27 back HVDC project, with 450 million kilowatts of power a wide range of configuration capabilities to meet The need to deliver and absorb 550 million kilowatts of clean energy. The second is to speed up the construction and transformation of the distribution network. The intelligent distribution network with leading construction technology, optimized structure, reasonable layout, high efficiency and flexibility, and fault self-healing ability, adapts to the needs of distributed power supply and micro-grid to accelerate development. The third is to accelerate the improvement of grid interaction capabilities. The construction of intelligent user management and two-way interactive platform enables ordinary households to realize user energy management, mobile terminal purchase, water and electricity multi-meter collection, comprehensive information service, remote home appliance control, etc. through the smart grid, and comprehensively improve the people's life intelligence level. The fourth is to accelerate the construction of a national electricity market system. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee explicitly requested to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources in the market and accelerate the improvement of the modern market system. It is necessary to use the smart grid as a carrier to build a national electricity market system that integrates energy transportation, resource allocation, market transactions and customer service, and is unified and open, competitive and orderly.
Whether we can firmly grasp the historical opportunity of the third industrial revolution will largely determine China's position in the future global competition. Different from the previous two industrial revolutions, the Chinese nation has embarked on a great road to rejuvenation. China's new energy and smart grid development are both in the forefront of the world, and they are in a favorable position in the new round of energy reform. In the sub-industrial revolution, the conditions for braving the tide and leading development. History should not be repeated, and opportunities are fleeting. The energy and power industry should consciously assume the historical trust, accelerate the development of smart grids, consolidate and expand the advantages that China has formed in the field of smart grids, and make positive contributions to the realization of the Chinese nation's great rejuvenation.
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