According to data released by Cisco in August 2017, about 30 billion mobile communication network users have been developed for 30 years. Ultra-high-definition video, interactive media and entertainment, real-time collaboration across time and space, virtual reality, driverless, smart city, smart manufacturing, smart medical and other fields will generate great communication needs, and the expansion of communication networks will continue to increase in the future. The bandwidth requirements will also continue to increase. With the emergence of more and more smart devices, the massive connection of the Internet of Things will greatly increase the connection pressure of the existing network infrastructure.
Data map: February 28, local time, Barcelona World Mobile Communications Conference site.
Consulting firm IDG predicts that by 2020, the global IoT equipment will reach 28.1 billion, and the global IoT market will reach 1.7 trillion US dollars. After that, IoT applications will usher in explosive growth, and hundreds of billions of devices will be connected to the network to create a dazzling and unprecedented scale of emerging industries, enabling mobile communication technologies to penetrate into all aspects of production and life.
Afif Osseiran, the head of the EU 5G project and Ericsson researcher, believes that it is the characteristics and needs of these markets that have led to the emergence of 5G research projects for the future of wireless communication environments and needs. In the next decade, 5G will become a way for users to enjoy the ultimate network experience.
5G features high speed (enhanced mobile broadband, eMBB), high capacity (large scale machine communication, mMTC), low latency (high reliability low latency communication, URLLC). The 5G network can connect more than 1 million devices per square kilometer, and there is a huge technological breakthrough in transmission delay, which can successfully achieve "millisecond delay." It will greatly accelerate the landing of new intelligent technology applications, open a new era of mobile communication development, and promote the construction of a fully mobile, fully connected society.
The combination of 5G, Internet of Things, blockchain and artificial intelligence can truly realize the interconnection of all things, and enable human beings to be in an intelligent and interactive network, completely changing the way we socialize and interact.
So, what kind of application scenarios can we expect in a 5G environment?
The content industry is changing day by day
According to data released by Cisco, global IP video traffic will increase by 3 times from 2016 to 2021, and mobile data traffic will increase 7 times in the same period. At present, the industry has reached a consensus that high-definition video will become the main business that consumes mobile communication network traffic.
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines eight key capability indicators for 5G technology: peak rate of 20 Gbps, user experience data rate of 100 Mbps, spectrum efficiency 3 times higher than IMT-A for 4G standards, and mobility up to 500 km/ The hour, the delay reaches 1 millisecond, the connection density reaches 10Tbps per square kilometer, the energy efficiency is 100 times higher than IMT-A, and the flow density reaches 10Mbps per square meter.
If this series of terms and data is dazzling, we can explain it in an easy-to-understand way: 5G network download speed is 100 times faster than 4G, users can download a 4K resolution in a few seconds. The movie, while in 4G conditions, it takes at least an hour.
The emergence of 4G completely overturned the user's habits, making mobile clients such as mobile phones and tablets become the primary tools for users to watch videos and consume entertainment content. With the advent of the 5G era, it is very likely to subvert the previous content creation model and industrial ecology.
The ultra-high speed will disrupt the original content production rhythm of the original UCG (ie user-generated content). In the 4G era, limited by the speed of the network, users are willing to change the quality by time. In order to download videos or pictures in the shortest time, the quality of them is often good. 5G network can guarantee the pixel and quality of the downloaded content, the speed of uploading pictures and videos will be greatly improved, and the video produced by 3D movies, using virtual reality or augmented reality technology will be greatly increased, and the content shared by social media will also grow exponentially. The extent of fragmentation will continue to rise.
In this way, the unique wolf-style content production model is no longer applicable, and the urban legend of grassroots counterattack will be less and less. Content producers have to fight not only the creative skills and speed, but also learn from 5G manufacturers or entertainment giants. Cooperation, fight for hardware resources and seize channels.
The providers of 5G services hold channels, may cooperate with cable operators, and even acquire the latter. Internet giants such as Facebook, Google, and Amazon will not let go of the 5G fat. According to the Wall Street Journal, in July 2017, Amazon and Dish? Network Corp, the second largest satellite TV operator in the United States, began to cooperate to build a 5G network. At present, Facebook's new features for smartphone 360-degree photo uploading have been launched, and the entire process of recording and editing, from uploading and editing, to uploading and downloading, supports 360-degree 3D video sharing and experience anytime, anywhere.
In addition, with a greatly improved network speed, downloading video and online buffering time is quite the same, the download business may once again go hand in hand with streaming media to compete for consumer attention.
Next Generation Social Platform: Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality
In 2016, Facebook spent $2 billion to acquire virtual reality wearable device maker Oculus, sparking a round of capital for the virtual reality (VR) industry. A few months later, Zuckerberg regretted the acquisition in an interview. Soon, the capital market followed, and the "VR first year" in the media was just beginning. The virtual reality industry players who had no hardware and financial support suffered a cold winter.
Currently, the VR industry faces a number of technical challenges. VR technology can't fully realize human-computer interaction, and can only provide visual experience through head-mounted devices. And this feature has a big problem to be solved - dizziness.
Simply put, when the physical and visual feelings are inconsistent, people will feel dizzy, just like a person standing on the deck watching a wave of waves beside them will feel like a seasick. In a virtual environment, dizziness occurs when there is a delay of more than 20 milliseconds between motion and vision.
In addition, VR technology faces a variety of other complex challenges. The most attractive part of virtual reality is “to confuse the truthâ€, from putting on the device to entering the virtual environment to practice various tasks. Once one of the links is wrong, the user will instantly return to reality, resulting in extremely poor human-computer interaction. Experience. Obviously, this requires extremely high requirements for hardware and software to support the normal operation of VR technology, and the integration of hardware and software is an inevitable trend in the future. At present, the VR industry at home and abroad are in the early stage of development. Whoever can get through the software and hardware technology will have the upper hand.
5G will be the gospel of VR practitioners struggling in the heat. Existing VR devices are limited by the current wireless network transmission speed and transmission delay, and are usually connected by HDMI cables, which greatly limits the user's use range and affects the user experience. To achieve a perfect virtual reality experience, you must achieve a latency of less than 20 milliseconds. The 5G end-to-end delay feature of 5G solves this problem. In addition, the VR device needs to finely draw the picture, and a large amount of data needs to be transmitted between the helmet and the host. The ultra-high transmission rate of 5G can better meet the requirements of VR for data transmission.
The industry chain of virtual reality terminals and chips has been formed, and has been successfully applied in applications such as film, games, education, retail, real estate, and education.
It is foreseeable that the strong demand for VR technology in various fields will in turn promote the popularization of 5G. For example, the military field uses virtual reality to simulate a flight environment or battlefield to improve the ability of soldiers to respond to unexpected situations, even before they are stationed in a completely strange country, to train their skills in communicating with locals.
In the industrial design and manufacturing, the concept of "virtual collaboration field" was introduced. In this virtual environment, designers around the world can work together to develop new products. In the field of scientific research, experimental variables can be precisely controlled, and the experimental environment can be created realistically. For example, research on acrophobia can only allow participants to imagine themselves “standing high†or providing visual impact. If they can stand in the virtual environment on the edge of the cliff off the ground, record their emotional fluctuations and physiological reactions, the authenticity of the measured data has great significance in the fields of medicine, psychology and so on. The introduction of virtual reality technology in the teaching process can realistically reproduce various topics such as dinosaur era, deep sea ecology, space exploration, human anatomy, etc., which not only saves time and effort, but also attracts students' interest.
In addition to VR technology, Augmented Reality (AR) technology will also flourish with the help of 5G. Compared with VR, which is limited by the speciality of head-mounted equipment, the great value of AR lies in the diversity of applications, such as intelligent navigation, tourism navigation, education and training, cultural and creative, retail and other industries.
The fashion and marketing industry is a loyal supporter of the technology. Nike uses a lot of AR and VR technology in marketing. Last year, it added AR technology to the release and sale of shoes. With Pokémon GO's pursuit game, the limited edition shoes were hidden in the streets and lanes, so that the sneakers could find the favorite shoes like the elf.
In March of this year, L'Oreal announced a wholly-owned acquisition of ModiFace, a Canadian company that develops custom AR beauty applications. In the future, ModiFace may create a beauty-like camera for L'Oreal, offering preview effects including lipstick, blush, highlights, eye shadow and more. ModiFace has collected data on 75 beauty retailers and brands. The results show that after the introduction of AR technology, the average sales growth of these beauty brands and retailers was 84%, and the interaction time increased by 117%.
In April, ZARA launched a two-week AR experience at 137 stores worldwide, and all AR-enabled products can be purchased through ZARA online stores or physical stores. It is foreseeable that under the blessing of 5G, these trend people will embrace the new technology as quickly as possible, and the consumer experience will be the ultimate.
AR technology is worthy of making the producers or broadcasters open their minds, increase user engagement, and integrate online and offline interactions to provide an immersive live experience. For example, when broadcasting the Champions League, the user can choose the perspective of the referee to watch the ball. For example, the adventure reality show can use somatosensory technology to enable viewers to interact with content without the need for any sophisticated control equipment. The audience can choose and join a squad of the reality show, and explore the treasure hunt and the points with the idols online and offline... 5G technology in the design of uplink bandwidth, delay, network capacity, power control, energy saving scheme The introduction of innovative solutions to support the mobile experience anytime and anywhere, resulting in a huge potential user market and cost advantages of scale development, will once again greatly improve people's communication and life experience.
The business experience based on the future 5G mobile network will be quickly and freely spread without the restrictions of geography and time and space. The immersive interactive information created by VR and AR roaming immersive experience will replace text and pictures and become the main platform of the next generation social platform. Information carrier.
Mobile medical care under 5G: everyone enjoys timely and convenient medical services
Mobile medical refers to the medical health service system that uses the use of mobile network technology to achieve prevention, consultation, diagnosis, rehabilitation, health care and other processes. As people's quality of life and health awareness continue to increase, timely, accurate and convenient medical and health services are receiving increasing attention. According to research by US market research firm Grand View Research, the global healthcare market is expected to reach $49.1 billion in 2020.
In the 5G network environment, mobile medical technology can process information in time, realize efficient and convenient medical diagnosis, optimize medical resource allocation, connect hospital information islands, integrate and distribute current medical service resources, medical terminals and data, and improve medical system. Efficiency, streamline the medical process and enhance the medical experience.
Benefiting from the connectivity of 5G networks, doctors will use more technical means to achieve real-time monitoring and remote diagnosis and treatment of patients. Patients can also receive remote monitoring and diagnosis from their doctors through wearable medical devices. More and more wearable devices will greatly enhance personal health management, quality of life and productivity. Weekday clothing and accessories can be implanted with light and low-energy waterproof sensors that will treat the wearer's environment such as air pressure, temperature, humidity, air quality and wearer's own health index such as blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, skin moisture, etc. monitor. All data collected by the sensor will be transmitted back to the personal life database and the hospital in the area through the mobile network. The personal life management system analyzes the collected information to remind the wearer to avoid harmful areas or behaviors, and proposes to adjust diet, sleep, Suggestions such as exercise volume can even notify the family doctor or the nearest hospital in advance when a physical abnormality is detected, to achieve effective and timely personal health management, and to assist in the development of various medical treatment projects. A joint study between GSMA and McKinsey found that in the World Economic Cooperation and Development Organization and the BRIC countries, telemedicine can save $21 billion annually.
In addition, 5G will help the development of medical robots. The surgical robot is a smart surgical tool. With the help of precise interventions, ontology structure and intelligent control system, it can break through the limitations of the original doctor's hand and eye, improve clinical operation accuracy and success rate. At present, surgical robots have been widely used in neurosurgery, abdominal surgery, thoracic surgery, orthopedics, ophthalmology, ENT, vascular intervention and craniofacial surgery. After surgery, different types of rehabilitation robots are being developed or are already in use.
Medical robots currently have several active research directions. One is visual constrained. For example, by making visual restrictions on the robot, let the machine understand that a certain area of ​​the patient's body is absolutely immovable. The second is shared-control roboTIc systems, which refers to one operation, some of which are artificially dominated and the other part is machine-driven. During the operation, the person interacts with the robot to complete the operation.
In the field of shared control, I want to enhance the feedback ability of the machine, so that the surgeon has a more realistic surgical experience, such as the feel of the machine and the skin. It is necessary to develop a variety of sensors as much as possible to collect various human-computer interactions. Different data makes the interactive interface more friendly, making the robot easier to operate, providing the right feedback to humans, and making the action of the surgeon as natural as possible.
Constructing this authenticity is very appealing and challenging. One of the challenges comes from the robot design level. Any remote surgery will be affected by the speed of information transfer. The popularity of 5G networks can greatly reduce latency and ensure that the surgeon's feel is only slightly affected.
Another challenge is machine learning. The surgeon's own experience and their familiarity with the robot are profound, from the rookie to the expert learning process, robots and people have to experience. What researchers need to do is collect and analyze as much data as possible for each human-machine interaction to optimize the performance of the robot. In the 5G network environment, the data collected by the sensors can be collected and organized by the researchers at the fastest speed to assist the rapid and intelligent operation of the robot.
5G on the road: from unmanned to the field
The vehicle networking system utilizes technologies such as vehicle communication, vehicle communication, vehicle communication and vehicle network communication, and automatic driving and big data analysis to realize the perceptual interconnection between vehicles, pedestrians and pavement infrastructure, to ensure traffic safety and improve the city. Traffic efficiency and reducing pollution emissions are important.
Taking automatic driving as an example, a safe and free travel experience will drive the rapid growth of the car networking market space. Research by Navigant Research has shown that by 2035, global sales of driverless cars will reach 95 million. Accenture predicts that by 2025, all new cars will have networking capabilities, and the global car networking market will total $830 billion.
The realization and development of autonomous driving technology is inseparable from 5G. The core of autonomous driving is to let the car bypass the human senses and interact with the traffic environment. This means that driverless cars rely heavily on radar, cameras, and sensors that are spread over the body, generating huge amounts of data, while unmanned systems require countless memory-intensive calculations that place stringent demands on computing performance.
With the rapid development of the Internet of Vehicles and intelligent driving technology, the requirements for vehicle data acquisition, processing and interactive control are getting higher and higher. The data shows that by 2020, driverless cars will consume 0.75GB of data per second. The huge amount of data requires ultra-high-rate, ultra-low-latency transmission, and the current communication system cannot handle the ultra-high bandwidth required, which is exactly where 5G is.
In the vehicle automation class (0-5) jointly defined by the American Society of Automotive Engineers and the German Automobile Industry Association, the level 5, ie, the highly automated or fully automated vehicle requires a transmission rate of 100/Mbps and a transmission delay of only 1 Within 10 milliseconds. In the automatic driving process, the current fastest 4G network also needs tens of milliseconds for sending information and receiving feedback, but in the 5G network, the feedback from sending and receiving information is less than 1 millisecond.
If the car is traveling at 60 mph (about 96.56 km/h), in the case of a 5G communication network, it actually only moves about 3 cm after receiving some feedback. In other words, in an emergency, the car has enough time to brake or change lanes to avoid accidents. Under the current 4G network delay condition, a car with a speed of 100 kilometers per hour still needs to move 1.4 meters from the discovery of the obstacle to the start of the braking system.
The wide coverage of the 5G network is another big advantage of its application to autonomous driving technology. The current autonomous driving technology relies heavily on the combination of 4G technology, V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) and V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) technologies. V2V and V2I technologies mainly rely on DSRC-specific short-range communication technology. Although DSRC technology transmits faster than 4G technology, its use is limited and can only be used in areas where DSRC radios are installed. To achieve interaction, the car also needs to find cars and infrastructure that are equipped with the same equipment nearby. 5G network does not have such a problem, as long as there is a mobile phone signal coverage, you can use 5G technology.
From the perspective of urban management, intelligent driving will improve traffic efficiency, ease congestion, significantly reduce traffic accidents caused by human factors, and save a lot of manpower, financial costs and resources. As driverless cars continue to optimize for acceleration and braking, they will help improve fuel efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. McKinsey & Co. predicts that once a large-scale adoption of driverless vehicles will help reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 300 million tons per year. With the commercial deployment of 5G networks, autonomous driving is expected to enter the marketing stage in 2025, achieving the goal of synergy between people, vehicles and the environment.
The above examples are just the tip of the iceberg of 5G's future application scenarios. In areas such as energy conservation and environmental protection, smart grid, navigation communication, intelligent agriculture, smart manufacturing, and smart cities, 5G can bring dazzling and practical effects.
For example, in the future farms, a variety of soil quality sensors can be widely deployed in the soil, and the soil nutrient content and moisture data can be fed back in real time to accurately control the irrigation and fertilization equipment; sensors such as temperature, humidity, wind, and sunshine can be installed around the farm; Water quality monitoring sensors can be installed in rivers. Once pollution is found, they can be treated in time. Each animal or bird can be implanted with sensors such as virus detection, blood pressure and body temperature to monitor the health of livestock and locate livestock. Intelligent agricultural systems built with various smart sensors will greatly reduce management costs and increase production efficiency...
However, the technological evolution of 2G, 3G, and 4G shows that each new technology has to go through a long process from research to commercial deployment. Although the application prospects of 5G are exciting, there are still many challenges to be popularized in a short period of time. The 5G is capable of providing a peak download rate of at least 10 Gbps and a delay of less than 1 millisecond because it uses a higher frequency band, such as the 28 GHz, 39 GHz, etc. millimeter wave band. However, 5G millimeter waves have inherent weaknesses: large signal attenuation, easy blocking, and short coverage. In atmospheric transmission, millimeter waves are mainly affected by oxygen, humidity, fog and rain, that is, weather changes and terrain in a certain area will affect 5G signals.
Although 5G may be commercialized around the world from 2020, since 5G has never been used for consumer mobile services, operators are still studying the performance of 5G signals in different types of terrain and weather. Bob Bennett, a research engineer at AT&T in the US, said they are studying how signals are affected by different factors such as snow, rain, hail, maple, oak and spruce, because each signal will be different.
From the development history of global mobile communication technology, 5G network will not only become a new round of development opportunities for the global communication industry, but also will be driven by various emerging information technologies to become a network platform for the application of the industry.
Now, it is the beginning of the 5G era.
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