Sensors are now an integral part of modern automotive design to meet a variety of needs. They play an important role in helping automakers produce cars that are safer, use less energy and are more comfortable. In the future, sensors can also help vehicles to increase their degree of automation, thereby benefiting the entire industry.
Intelligent observationIn addition to full controllability and data processing capabilities, smart observations are also one of the prerequisites for auto-driving. To achieve full observability, the car needs to process a variety of parameter data, including speed, current, pressure, temperature, positioning, proximity detection, gesture recognition, and so on. In recent years, great progress has been made in proximity detection and gesture recognition technologies. At the same time, ultrasonic sensors and time-of-flight (ToF) have begun to be used in automobiles.
Ultrasonic sensorAs the degree of automation of vehicles increases, we not only rely on unprecedented innovations brought about by new technologies, but also need to witness more mature automotive technologies being applied to new automated driving scenarios. For example, the current application of reversing radar as an ultrasonic sensor is only an assisted driving system installed in a bumper. The limitation of this system is that the driving speed cannot exceed 10 km/h, and 100% of the distance cannot be accurately measured in the proximity detection. However, in autonomous vehicles, ultrasonic sensors can be combined with radio frequency radars, cameras, and other sensor technologies to provide more complete distance measurement capabilities.
Ultrasonic sensor technology is used to observe the outside world, while the ToF camera focuses on the interior of the car. The transition to driverlessness will be a step-by-step process, so it is very important that the driver needs to switch from drone mode to manual mode in certain circumstances.
At present, with the advanced assisted driving system (ADAS) mechanism, the vehicle can only partially realize unmanned driving, and the driver may need human intervention at any time. It is expected that the automotive industry will further increase the level of automation in the next few years, but even so, the driver still needs manual control in certain circumstances (for example, when the car is in the center of the city). It will take a long time to change this situation. Before implementing drone, the car needs to provide warning to the driver. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the driver's location and activities is crucial.
Although ToF technology is still in its infancy, it has already begun to be used in automobiles. For example, when the driver is not concentrated, the technology can alert the driver and drive the vehicle to the curb. In addition, it can also implement various functions based on gesture recognition, for example, increasing the volume of the radio or answering an incoming call, etc., by hand-swiping gestures. However, the potential application of ToF is much more than that. With the continuous exploration of more advanced automatic driving technology, it will play a more crucial role. The ToF camera will be able to depict the driver's entire upper body posture in three dimensions, determining whether the driver's head position is facing the road ahead and whether their hands are on the steering wheel.
"Mankind has a variety of ideas for the driverless experience. The next generation of sensors currently being developed will be the ultimate determinant."
Traffic conditions three-dimensional imageToday's adaptive cruise control system uses radar to measure the distance between the car and the vehicle ahead. This technique works well on highways, but in urban environments, because of the shorter distances and the more diverse approaches of pedestrians and/or vehicles, more accurate location measurements are required.
One solution is to increase the camera so that the distance can be better determined. However, current image processing hardware cannot detect all important features at the required speed and ensure the reliability of safe driving. This happens to be the advantage of Lidar. The working principle of laser radar is the same as that of radar, which is based on the measurement of the reflected signal of the transmitted signal. Radar relies on radio waves, and Lidar uses light beams (such as lasers). The distance from the object or surface is calculated by measuring the elapsed time between the transmitted pulse and the reflected signal received from the pulse.
The biggest advantage of Lidar is that it can detect smaller objects than radar. Unlike environmental observations made by the camera in the focal plane, Lidar can perform accurate, relatively detailed 3D rendering. With this feature, Lidar can easily distinguish objects from front and rear objects regardless of lighting conditions (day or night). With the decreasing price of lidar technology and the further development of related technologies, this method will be more widely used.
Human beings have ideas about the driverless experience. The next generation of sensors currently being developed will be the ultimate determinant. Driven by these innovations, the future automobile will be able to provide clear and continuously updated surrounding conditions and keep abreast of the external environment and the dynamics of the people in the car. Therefore, sensing technology will become a key factor in determining the future development of the automotive industry.
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