Wireless communication technology is the basis for the transmission of the Internet of Things. With the development of smart cities as a hot topic, various technologies have been introduced to the market and they have occupied the Internet of Things market. In LPWAN technology, the most popular are LoRa, Sigfox and NB-IoT. In the trend of the Internet of Things, what are the advantages of these three technologies and who is the best partner in your professional field?
Things related to the Internet of Things, big data, and AI artificial intelligence must be familiar to people in the relevant industries. In the technology architecture of the Internet of Things, “sensing†is the most basic core source. In areas such as agriculture, industry, construction, transportation, and medical care, the sensed data must be analyzed through AI to form relevant applications. First, it must deploy suitable transmission technologies and domains in order to collect and report huge amounts of environmental data.
In wireless communication technology, the earlier applications of WI-FI, bluetooth, ZigBee, and Z-Wave have laid the foundation for development in different fields. WI-FI is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data, such as video transmission or AR/VR, and is also the basis of general wireless networks. The disadvantage is that the power consumption is large; Bluetooth is used in personal wearable devices, and its application in the field of sound is relatively high. Mature; ZigBee and Z-Wave are fruitful in industrial, architectural and other automatic control applications.
Long-distance + power-saving features, LPWAN solves the problem of Internet of Things transmission problems
When it comes to wireless networks, what we think of in our brains, apart from WI-FI, is probably the mobile communication network of mobile phones. Today's communication technology is about to enter into 5G, which emphasizes greater bandwidth, higher speed, lower latency, and of course, consumes more power. Because it is the correspondence between people, the data transmission is more intensive and the amount of exchange is even greater. huge. For the M2M communication, since the deployment scope of the device is generally wider, and the wireless device must avoid frequent battery replacement, LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology follows the trend, and its small data volume, long-distance transmission and The power-saving features shine in the Internet of Things application.
Earlier wireless transmission technologies, such as WI-FI, ZigBee, and Z-Wave, had a communication transmission distance of only 100 meters at the most. When used in smart homes, they must be equipped with signal-enhanced antennas or relay stations. If it is necessary to meet the relevant applications of smart cities, such as environmental monitoring or asset tracking, LPWAN technology with a transmission distance of up to 20 kilometers can significantly reduce the cost of construction, as long as several stations can cover a large area; use batteries as power. From the source, the wiring problem is omitted and the installation procedure of the sensor is simplified. Currently the most concerned LPWAN technologies are LoRa, Sigfox, and NB-IoT. These three technologies have their own advantages. The owner can select the most suitable communication technology according to different fields and usage requirements.
Low energy consumption, high range transmission: LoRa and Sigfox Competition
Just like the technical characteristics of LPWAN, LoRa and Sigfox both have long distance and low power consumption, which can prolong battery life and form a wide range of message transmission. Both use an unlicensed Sub-1GHz ISM band without additional licensing fees, and due to breakthroughs in electronic chip manufacturing technology, the hardware manufacturing costs of the two technologies are continuously decreasing. For example, Sigfox, which was already in use in the industry in Taiwan last year, The minimum monthly fee is only 0.4 yuan.
LoRaWAN is a network standard that is promoted by various industry alliances and provides open technology. As long as the key content is obtained, individual applications can be developed. Different from the openness of LoRa, Sigfox is a technology developed by a French company of the same name. It masters the operation and deployment of core networks. It intends to deploy a global network base in the role of an independent operator. Currently, it can simultaneously operate in 36 countries. Uses connectable domains and devices with regions. In terms of type, LoRa is like a small private domain. The transmission distance is up to 20 kilometers. If you master the technology, you can set up your own base station and you have more freedom.
Sigfox is a global blueprint for operating goals and expanding the network base. It can provide users with existing network deployment and cloud services. It needs to pay an additional monthly fee. Compared with LoRa, the cost is higher, but the platform solution is complete. There is no need to build additional networks. Sigfox has a transmission distance of up to 50 kilometers and is the widest of the three technologies. However, in order to achieve the goal of low power consumption, LoRa and Sigfox have limited daily transmission times. The transmission time during the day is very short and is suitable for use. In areas where there is no need for real-time communication, such as daily fixed-return data sensors, specific environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and PM2.5 can be measured. With a long-distance, low-frequency transmission model, a larger area of ​​IoT applications can be formed. .
Telecom operators push strongly: NB-IoT
Another exciting technology discussed in the industry chain of the Internet of Things is NB-IoT, which is the most different from the aforementioned two technologies in that it is a technology developed by the 3GPP organization and uses licensed GSM and LTE bands. The NB-IoT must buy a band license through the telecommunications industry. Users can only use the NB-IoT related services by obtaining licensed technologies and frequency bands through the telecommunications industry or third-party agents. The advantage of NB-IoT is that it is a technology introduced by existing telecommunication operators. There is no need to re-establish the network. As long as the software is updated, existing 4G telecommunications base stations and related equipment can be used. On the other hand, the use of carrier-grade networks has a high degree of security in terms of communication quality and message security. Far EasTone in Taiwan has launched NB-IoT's preemptive experience, and is expected to complete the upgrade of the base in Taiwan by the end of May. As long as Far EasTone can receive the signal, it can use NB-IoT. For 2 to 12 yuan.
"Positioning right technology in the right position" - Application of wireless communication technology
Each of the above-mentioned three popular LPWAN technologies has different characteristics. The industry predicts that one of the technologies in the future will push the pack and become one of the best. However, as Olivier Hersent, one of the founders of LoRa, once said, the coexistence of mutual cooperation is more likely to lead future technologies to new developments. In fact, there are hundreds of applications in the Internet of Things. The features of these three technologies also correspond to the special needs of different fields. For example, NB-IoT, user license band and LTE technology, its network does not limit the number of messages transmitted, and the amount of data that can be carried is also higher. Therefore, it is suitable for smart industrial fields that attach importance to network transmission stability and real-time performance, or it is necessary. High-data-transmission IoT devices such as voice and image files. In contrast, the power consumption of NB-IoT is also higher than the other two technologies, and the loss of battery life is greater. At the same time, the collaboration model with the telecommunications industry will be faster and easier when it is promoted to users. From another perspective, it is also limited by hardware costs (chips) and monthly rental costs.
Compared with NB-IoT, LoRa and Sigfox are more suitable for small-data-size and wide-range transmission applications due to their low hardware cost and power consumption. The current scale of development of LoRa technology has matured, and it has cooperated with Asia-Pacific Telecom and Hon Hai Fuhong Network and has achieved actual operating results in Taiwan. Although the transmission distance is not higher than that of Sigfox, the transmission bandwidth is high, the construction cost and technical difficulty are not high, and it is suitable for constructing a closed domain in a high-tech factory area and transmitting various types of sensing data.
In terms of global deployment, Yu Kaiqun, manager of information and communication technology at Levin, Germany, stated that Sigfox is a very developmental technology. Because Sigfox provides global network services, it is more convenient for multinational companies. In particular, one-piece network solutions provide complete and stable cloud services for high-yield companies, eliminating many development and collaboration issues. Sigfox has the longest transmission distance, but has the fewest number of transmissions in one day. Therefore, Sigfox is suitable for scenarios where the response data changes or data is transmitted during fixed periods, such as pipeline monitoring, smart meters, regional climate monitoring, and alarms. Sigfox is currently working with O-bike in Taiwan and is responsible for location tracking services, as well as ZTE security equipment status detection and smart medical remote care applications. Because it is a multinational application, Sigfox also cooperates with U.S. Express to install sensors on parcels. In addition to knowing the location of parcels, Sigfox can also detect when the parcels are shipped and send specific data back to the United States.
Vision for the future of the Internet of Things: Information security and technology validation are indispensable
Emerging technologies bring more convenience and a better future vision. At the same time, they also bring about security concerns. When various kinds of information are circulated on the Internet, once the network security problems occur, it may lead to personal privacy leakage and even personal safety. In Europe, which places great importance on privacy, it has adopted the General Data Protec- tion Regulation Regulator (GDPR), which strictly regulates the restrictions and management of personal data collection by Internet companies. Although the security issue has not yet attracted full attention in Taiwan, but with the expansion of the Internet of Things devices and areas, the average user will be more frequently exposed to related issues, network security will certainly become the product / software provider to provide services One of the programs.
He Shaopeng, a senior manager of Germany's Layne, also reminded that all wireless communication technologies must pass national standards and alliance certification standards. First of all, it must first pass national regulations to control the frequency and power of wireless communications so that products have qualified communication standards and will not affect other electronic instruments or human health due to the need to strengthen communications. It must also pass the standards of various technical alliances, including electromagnetic wave types, communication protocols, and interconnectivity tests, to ensure that products using the same type of communication technology can communicate with each other. As smart home gateways currently on the market, most of them will accommodate 1 to 3 kinds of communication technologies (such as WI-FI, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.), and the interconnectivity and anti-interference of products are even more important. Perhaps in the near future, different wireless network communication technologies such as LoRa or NB-IoT will be integrated in a single IoT module. For example, in a remote factory, LoRa is used to form data transmission between devices in a local area network, and then data is transmitted. The external LTE network integrates data from multiple plant sites for overall analysis.
No matter in the fields of transportation, industry, agriculture, construction, medical treatment, finance, etc., the Internet of Things will focus on the emerging applications under data. The networking of devices is only the foundation. Only by making good use of software services and mastering application opportunities can we achieve specific results. The true wisdom of networking.
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