[Foreword] Every time you want to help your mobile phone, computer, or other various electrical appliances, you always have to connect a charging cable. There are more charging cables, and they are often wrong. It is very troublesome. Fortunately, more and more electronic products are now using wireless charging technology! As long as you elegantly put your phone on a small, cup-like thing, you can easily recharge it without wiring. What is the principle behind such a powerful technology? Let us explore the mystery together.
Every time you want to help your mobile phone, computer, or other various electrical appliances, you must always pick up a charging cable. There are more charging cables, and you often get the wrong ones. It is very troublesome. Fortunately, more and more electronic products are now using wireless charging technology! As long as you elegantly put your phone on a small, cup-like thing, you can easily recharge it without wiring. What is the principle behind such a powerful technology? Let us explore the mystery together.
Electrical and magnetic interaction
Generally seen in wireless charging, the principle of current magnetic effect and electromagnetic induction is used. In 1819, the Danish scientist Erst observed that if there was a current on a wire, a magnetic field would be generated around it, which would deflect the north arrow. Later generations have further discovered that the wire is enclosed in a ring shape, even wound into a coil, and the generated magnetic field will be stronger and more concentrated. This is called the current magnetic effect.
As for electromagnetic induction, it was discovered by Faraday in 1831. Let a magnet or other source of magnetic field approach a coil without current, and an induced current will be generated on the coil, called electromagnetic induction. It is worth noting that the key point of electromagnetic induction is that the magnetic field needs to change, for example, the magnet is getting closer and closer (it is more and more far away). If the applied magnetic field remains constant, there will be no induced current.
Current magnetic effect
In summary, the current magnetic effect is that the flow of current generates a magnetic field around, and the electromagnetic induction is a constantly changing external magnetic field that causes the coil to generate an induced current.
Use electromagnetic induction to charge
These two physical phenomena can be used simultaneously to perform wireless charging. Current wireless charging devices include a charging stand, which is actually a coil. When the charging stand is connected to the household plug, a magnetic field is generated around the coil due to the current magnetic effect. The electronic product to be charged also has a coil inside. When it is close to the charging stand, the magnetic field of the charging stand will pass electromagnetic induction to generate an induced current on the coil of the electronic product. The induction current is directed to the battery, which completes the wireless charging between the charging stand and the electronic product.
You may ask, is the magnetic field not changed to have electromagnetic induction? However, the distance between the charging stand and the charged object remains the same, so why is there electromagnetic induction? It turns out that the electricity flowing out of the household outlet is AC, which means that the direction of the current changes alternately, and then the flow follows, and the flow is reversed for a while. Because of this, the magnetic field generated by the charging socket coil is constantly changing direction, and it does not remain unchanged, which is in line with the requirements of electromagnetic induction.
Recently, more and more smart phones and tablets have begun to provide wireless charging functions, but unfortunately, when charging them, as long as they are a little farther away from the charging stand, the charging efficiency will drop significantly. Even with the latest technology, the charging distance can't exceed 5 cm. In fact, most mobile devices that can be wirelessly charged are all placed on the charging stand, and the wireless with the imaginary There is still some difference in charging.
Use resonance to lengthen the charging distance
In order to increase the distance between wireless charging and charging efficiency, scientists are trying to use the principle of magnetic resonance for wireless charging. Add some special components such as capacitors and inductors to the circuit. After proper connection, a resonant circuit will be formed. This is like the tuning tool that the instrument line must have—the tuning fork. Tap the tuning fork once, it can continue to vibrate for a while, and similarly, the resonant circuit is briefly energized, and the signal will be generated for a period of time in the circuit.
The tuning fork has the interesting physical properties of resonance. Each tuning fork has its own vocal frequency. When a tuning fork vibrates, if there is another tuning fork with the same vocal frequency nearby, even if it is not directly hit, it will vibrate. The resonance of the tuning fork can be said to achieve the transfer of energy. The resonant circuit can also resonate. Two resonant circuits with the same vibration frequency are put together. When one of them starts to oscillate due to energization, the other circuit will also oscillate and automatically generate a current, and the electric energy is transmitted through the space. This phenomenon is called magnetic resonance and is used for wireless charging. It can make the charging distance reach several meters and the efficiency is also improved. The only difficulty is that it is not easy to adjust the two circuits to exactly the same frequency for a period of time.
In addition to magnetic resonance, some scientists have attempted to charge by the light energy of laser light, or even to transmit electricity through a frequency band similar to that of a home Wifi network. I hope that the breakthrough of these technologies will make us more convenient in charging in the future!
The practice of wireless charging in the fields of consumer electronics and electric vehicles, represented by Apple, Samsung, and ZTE, will accelerate the opening of the 100 billion market. A few days ago, some media reported that although the prediction that iphone7 has wireless charging function has not been realized, the new Apple in 2017 will have a high probability of having a wireless charging function. At the same time, according to the current situation of wireless charging of enterprise layout, 2017 Wireless charging has not only made breakthroughs in the field of consumer electronics. In the field of domestic electric vehicles, wireless charging will also usher in a big development opportunity. The wireless charging prospect is unlimited, so take a look at the new wireless charging technology!
1, ultrasonic wireless charging: effective range is close to 5 meters
A company called uBeam invented a new wireless charging mode that uses ultrasound to transport power to a distance of 15 feet (about 4.6 meters). With such a product, you can use your mobile phone to move around the house while charging while using a dedicated wireless charging kit. Although uBeam's prototype is still cumbersome, the company is working hard to reduce the size and bring it to market as soon as possible. It is reported that many companies have hoped to reach a strategic cooperation with uBeam to provide customers with such wireless space charging services to attract more passengers, including Starbucks, Virgin Atlantic, Starwood Hotels and a number of fast food chains. In addition, uBeam has also communicated with hardware vendors such as Apple and Samsung.
Venture capitalists also seem to see opportunities: People familiar with the matter said the company hopes to seek a total of $50 million in Series B financing, with a valuation likely to reach or exceed $500 million. But uBeam declined to comment. The company received a $10 million Series A round of funding from Upfront Ventures in October last year, and previously received $3.2 million in seed investments from companies such as Andreessen Horowitz and Founders Fund. Many companies have tried real wireless charging before, but most of them failed, and only the magnetic resonance charging was realized. This mode must bring the device close to the transmitter or even directly to the transmitter, so there is no major breakthrough compared to plug-in charging.
uBeam early prototype
uBeam early prototype
However, the endorsements of many big-name investors indicate that uBeam's wireless charging model may have great potential. Specifically, uBeam uses ultrasound-conducting technology, where the transmitter takes power through a socket or building's electrical system, then converts it into ultrasound, and then transmits the vibration to the built-in receiver—for example, with a wireless charging sleeve. After the mobile phone and receiver are responsible for converting the ultrasonic vibration into electricity, charging the mobile device.
uBeam says that this mode has a charging speed similar to that of a conventional power supply.
This ultrasonic space charging method has several advantages. First of all, this technique is very safe, and it uses ultrasound similar to the ultrasound used to monitor the fetus. In addition, the price of the receiver is also very cheap, about $50, or even lower, and small size. Not only that, but these ultrasounds can also be used to transmit data, so uBeam can also play a role in the Internet of Things.
uBeam mode schematic
But what appeals to the average user is that the technology has an effective range of about 15 feet and is equally effective for moving devices. Although smartphones have made significant progress in terms of size and performance, battery life has not improved much, which not only undermines the user experience, but also hinders the development of the entire mobile economy. Therefore, uBeam's technology may contribute to the entire industry. Technology giants such as Apple and Samsung are working hard to solve the charging problem, but they have not made progress. Therefore, they are likely to purchase uBeam. Since uBeam holds a number of important wireless charging patents, these giants may acquire the company at a premium to avoid important technology falling into the hands of competitors.
In the long run, if uBeam's wireless charging protocol really realizes its potential, it means that the wires will gradually disappear. Not only mobile phones, but also other types of electrical equipment will use this technology. To be clear, uBeam is still overcoming some serious technical challenges, and the final product may not be able to meet expectations in terms of price, power, speed and safety. However, if it can really achieve market expectations, it will become a revolutionary technology, which is the result of investors' dreams.
2, wireless charging new technology: Microsoft intends to use focused light to charge
If your smartphone runs out of power during the day, people are generally annoyed. Most people's solution is to try to remember to charge their devices at night. Even if it is done, sometimes it is not enough for people to use it everyday. It is sometimes necessary to charge all day. For this reason, Microsoft Research has developed a potential solution: AutoCharge.
Microsoft researchers describe AutoCharge as a technology that automatically locates and charges computers on their desks. The prototype charger they built can be mounted on the ceiling and has two working modules: a monitoring module that uses Microsoft's Kinect camera to scan objects like smartphones; the other is charging mode, using UltraFire CREE XM-L T6 to focus LED light.
The AutoCharge system uses image-based processing to monitor and track smartphones on the table and automatically charge smartphones. The charger will continue to rotate until it detects an object that looks like a smartphone, and then uses the beam generated by solar power technology to remotely charge the smartphone. In other words, no wires are needed.
AutoCharge establishes a connection via Bluetooth or a LED on the phone and a smartphone. This ensures that charging can be stopped when the battery is fully charged, and that objects that are similar in size and shape to the smartphone cannot be charged. The system automatically shuts down within 50 milliseconds when it recognizes that an object is present between it and the smartphone, causing interference to the charge.
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